1. budget —预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.
2. return —回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.
3. portfolio —证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling
4. royalty —专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.
5. patent —专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.
6. non-tariff barrier —非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.
7. franchise —经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.
8.purchasing power —购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.
9. ppp —购买力平价purchasing power parity
10. tariff —关税tax levied by the customs
11.barriers to trade —贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.
12.primary commodities —初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials
13.drawback —退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported
14.specific duties —从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods
15.ad valorem duties —从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods
16.carriage —运费the price or cost of transportation
17.voluntary offer —主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer
18.contracting parties —缔约方signatories of an agreement
19.force majeure —[不可抗力] social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party
20.firm offer —持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer
21.offeree —受要约人the party to whom an offer is made
22.hyperinflation —极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control
23.inflation —通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.
24.protectionism —贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports
25.bilateral —双边的of two sides
26.bundling —捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together
27.creditors —债权人a person to whom one owns money
28.debtor —债务人a person who owes money
29.default —违约fail to carry out an obligation
30.draft —汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money
31.remittance —汇款the sending of money or the money sent
32.drawer —出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter
33.drawee —受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn
34.credit-worthiness —资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment
35.applicant of an l/c —出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an l/c
36.beneficiary —受益人the company that can make use of an l/c to get paid for its export
37.confirming bank —保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an l/c
38.reimburse —退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent
39.clean credit —光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment
40.sight credit —即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft
41.middleman —中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer
42.consignee —收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped
43.shipping marks —唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation
44.insurance policy —保险单a document used for covering possible risks
45.title —抬头right to the possession of a position or property
46.insured —被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy
47.premium —保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract
48.potential loss —潜在损失loss which is possible to incur
49.claim —索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy
50.margin —利润amount above what is estimated as necessary
51.underwriter —保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business
52.invoice —发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price
53.compensation —赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss
54.pooling —联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage
55.multi-modal transportation —多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air
56.redeem —兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock
57.settlement —结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc
58.exchange rate —汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency
59.money circulation —货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services
60.devaluation —货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies
61.reserve —储备金money held aside to meet future demand
62.investment —投资the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns
63.quota —配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity
64.ver —自动出口限制an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country
65.intellectual property —知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right
66.tax holiday —免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied
67.joint venture —合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms
68.gilts —金边债券stocks issued by government
69.cost-effective —成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure
70.anti-dumping —反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured
71.mandate —授权authority given to perform a duty
72.contracting party —缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement
73.visible trade有形贸易 : the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)
74.invisible trade无形贸易 : the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
75.fdi( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.
76.portfolio investment证券投资 : purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.
77.bonds债券: the papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.
78.licensing许可经营 : in licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. they choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.
79.franchising特许经营 : a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.
80.franchiser特许方 : a firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
81.franchisee被特许方 : a firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.
82.

gnp国民生产总值 : gross national product. the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
83.gdp国内生产总值 : gross domestic product. the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.
84.per capita gdp人均国内生产总值 : it is calculated by dividing its total gdp by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.
85.income distribution收入分布 : the proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.
86.free trade area自由贸易区 : the members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy
87.customs union关税同盟 : the members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy
88.common market共同市场 : the members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors

of production and adopt the same external policy.
89.economic union (eu)经济同盟 : the members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.
90.parent mnc headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部 is the original investing multinational corporation . it is also the international headquarters of the mne .
91.home county母国 : the country where the headquarter of the investor is located.
92.host country东道国 : the host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.
93.absolute advantage绝对利益 : it holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)
100.comparative advantage比较利益 : even if a country is less efficient than another

in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

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1..international trade国际贸易 : the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.
2.import duties进口关税 : tariffs levied on goods entering an area
3.export duties出口关税 : taxes levied on goods leaving an area
4.most-favored-nation (mfn) treatment最惠国待遇 : a tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country
5.inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价 : it is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.
6.quotation报盘 : estimate of how much something will cost
7.counter offer还盘: new offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer
8.inflation : rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc
9.barter易货贸易: the direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.
10.counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: the assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.
11.buyback回购贸易: an agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.
12.remittance 汇付: this method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other
13.documentary draft跟单汇票: the draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.
14.documentary collection跟单托收: it is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.
15.sight draft即期汇票: the draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.
16.usance draft远期汇票 term draft = tenor draft: the draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.
17.draft汇票:= bill of exchange . it is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.
18.bill of exchange —汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment
19.applicant (opener or principal)申请人: the person who instructs his bank to issue an l/c. (the importer)
20.applicant of an l/c :the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an l/c
21.opening bank (issuing bank, establishing bank)开证行: the bank that issues the credit.
22.opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .
23.beneficiary受益人 :the exporter in whose favor the credit is opened
24.correspondent band往来行、关系行 :the bank in the exporter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it
25.advising bank通知行: the bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the l/c, is received.
26.confirming bank保兑行: the bank adds its confirmation to the credit.
27.paying bank付款行: the bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.
28.negotiating bank议付行: the bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.
29.the documentary credit跟单信用证: the credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.
30.revocable credit可撤消信用证: the credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.
31.irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证 : the credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.
32.confirmed credit保兑信用证: the credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank
33.unconfirmed credit不保兑信用 ：the credit isn’t confirmed by another bank
34.sight credit即期信用证: the credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft
35.usance credit (term credit, time credit)远期信用证: the credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.
36.transferable credit可转让信用证: the credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.
37.non-transferable credit不可转让信用证: the credit can not be transferred.
38.non-draft credit无汇票信用证: the credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.
39.revolving credit循环信用证: the credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.
40.commercial invoice商业发票: the document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.
41.legal holder合法持有人 is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law
42.packing list装箱单: the documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.
43.straight bill of lading记名提单: it is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.
44.common carrier公共承运人: it is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.
45.contract carrier契约承运人: individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).
46.insured被保险人，保户: the person who transfer risk.
47.insurer承保人: the person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).
48.cargo insurance货物保险: it is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.
49.marine insurance海上保险: the insurance of ships and their cargoes.
50.insurance保险: it is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.
51.direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: a direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元 外币为基准
52.indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价: an indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.
53.buying rate买入价: it refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.
54.selling rate卖出价: it is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.
55.medial rate中间价 it is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.
56.sdr特别提款权: special drawing right. it is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the imf.
57.anti-dumping反倾销: to restrict the export expansion of other countries.
58.biz plan : 商业计划 future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products, production, market, investment, etc.
59.collateral : property or an item of value acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.
担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
60.stock exchange:证券交易市场 a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.
61.retail :零售the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.
62.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct from taxable income.
63.policy :保单 the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policyholder投保人 by company.
64.public relations :公关 pr, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.
65.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业
66.trade deficit :贸易逆差 imports minus exports of goods and services.
67.trade surplus:贸易顺差exports minus imports of goods and services.
68.balance of trade 贸易支付差额 the value of country’s exports minus the value of its imports.
69.trade sanction : use of a trade policy as a sanction, most commonly an embargo禁运 imposed against a country for violating human rights.
70.trade reciprocity贸易互惠 : the practice by which governments extend similar concessions 让步 to each other, as when one gov’t lowers its tariffs or other barriers impeding its imports in exchange for equivalent concession from a trading partner on barriers affecting its exports.
71.venture capital : money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research, especially in high technology, in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable. also called risk capital
风险资本：投放在富革新精神的企业或研究的资金，尤指用于高科技，其中亏损的风险和赢利的潜力可能都会很大也作 risk capital
72.start-up: a biz or undertaking事业 that has recently begun operation.
73.balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 b.s.: a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明
74.re-capitalization资本额的调整the act or process of changing the capital structure of a company.
75.stock market : a place where stocks, bonds, or other securities are bought and sold.
76.cash flow : the cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth.
现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值
77.labor-intensive : requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital.
78.market share : the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.
79.intellectual capital : assets or capital in the form of knowledge patent or technology, etc.
80.publicly traded companies (ptc) : companies whose shares are traded in stock markets.
81.emerging markets 新兴市场: markets which are newly formed or have just come into prominence.
82.portfolio investment(有价)证券投资: investment in securities such as bonds and stocks with the aim to earn interest and dividends rather than participate in the management of companies.
83.stock turnover: 库存[商品]周转率the number of times a particular stock of goods is sold and restocked during a given period of time.
84.lead time订货至交货的时间 ：the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.
85.dealerships ：a franchise to sell specified items in a certain area.商品代理权：在某一区域内出售某特定商品的特许权
86.economic recession : an extended decline in general business activity, typically three consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降
87.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment.
88.liquidity squeeze流动性逃避: financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.
89.reverse merger(借壳上市) ：it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. a reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。
90..money market : the trade in short-term, low-risk securities, such as certificates of deposit and u.s. treasury notes.短期资金市场：一种短期、低风险的证券经营买卖市场，如银行存单和美国短期公债。
91.bull market：a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.
92.margin : the difference between the cost and the selling price of securities or commodities. 盈余：证券或商品的成本与销售价之间的差额
93.real estate : land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.不动产：土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑
94.hedge fund 对冲基金公司：an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.
95.sell short : to contract for the sale of securities or commodities one expects to own at a later date and at more advantageous terms.
卖空：订立合同出售自己在以后的某个时间才会拥有的证券或商品以便获得较有利的条款
96.acceptance承兑 an acceptance credit call for drafts to be drawn at a tenor for acceptance by the issuing bank or any drawee nawed in the credit.汇票承兑信用证要求汇票按规定在一定期限内由开证行或者其他在信用证上签名的收款人来检验。
97.collection托收entrust banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods
委托银行作中间人收取款项
98.bill票据a statement of money owed for goods or services; demand payment
tax 税收 charge against a citizen levy a tax on
99.option期权 the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited在外汇交易中，以契约形式规定的在某一特定日期或在未来某一日期，按规定的价格买（看涨期权）或卖（看跌期权）特定数量的基础票据权利。
100.future期货a currency future,also fx future or foreign exchange future.is a futures contract to exchange one currency for another at specified date in the future at a price(exchange rate 买卖双方约定于未来某一特定日期，以约定价格买卖的约定数量的商品。

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1.foreign exchange汇率,外汇price by one currency for other currency;means the system utilized in financing international payments.一个用于支付国际金融付款的系统。
2.tax break减税，所得税宽减额a tax deduction that is granted in order to encourage a particular type of commercial activity
3.monopoly垄断one seller but many buyers.
4.withholding tax代扣所得税are those imposed by governments on dividend interest and royalty payments to foreign investors.代扣所得税是政府向国外投资者的股息、利息和特许权使用费的收入征收的税。
5.value-added tax增值税this tax is typically levied on the value added at each stage of production每一个产品增加的价值 or distribution
6.balance of payments 国际收支平衡 accounts keep track of both its payments to and its receipts from other countries.
总结：这是常见的商务英语专有名词，平时商务谈判以及商务对话中也可以使用到这些词语。
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