中文发音讲究“字正腔圆,而英语发音存在着大量的连读、略读、变音和语音语调的变化。作为英语学习者,只要掌握这些发音规则变化并加以模仿练习,一定能在口语和听力方面收到事半功倍的效果,并练就一口地道的口语。
连读–发音规则 1.辅音+元音
一句话中相邻的两个单词,前一个单词以辅音结尾,后一个单词以元音开始,拼读成“辅音+元音”。
1.far~away
its not far~away from here.
2.in~an~hour
i should be there in~an~hour.
3
.later~on
im going to see a movie later~on .
4.put~it~on
heres your sweater. put~it~on.
5.stand~up
stand~up and stretch for a while.
6.take~care~of
ill always take care~of you .
7.take~it~easy
take~it~easy! everything is going to be fine.
8.take~off
please fasten your seat belt. we will take~off shortly.
9.there~are
there~are forty students in my class.
10、work~out
i work~out every day to keep fit.
11.come~on!cheer~up!
12.keep~it~up!
13.never give~up!
14.i mean~it.
15.ive got~a lot~of work to do.
16.may i have~a cup~of milk?
17.what do you think~of~it?
2. 元音+元音
一句话中相邻的两个单词,前一个单词以元音结尾,后一个单词以元音开始,则在两个元音之间加上一个轻微的 [j] 或 [w] 的音,拼读成“元音+ [j] 或 [w] +元音”。
[i:]或[e?]结尾的元音+[j]+元音
1、see us→see [j] us
come and see~us again soon.
2、be over→be [j] over
it will be~over soon.
3、be able→be [j] able
will you be~able to come tomorrow?
4、say it →say [j] it
could you say~it again please?
5、pay ann →pay [j] ann
please pay~ann her salary.
以[u:]或 [??] 结尾的元音+[w]+元音
1、do it→do [w] it
dont do~it again.
2、go up→go [w] up
lets go~upstairs and have dinner.
3、show us→show [w] us
can you show~us something else.
注:元音与元音的连音是一种自然滑过后带出来的音。当你的发音接近流利时,你会发现不用刻意去发 [j] 和 [w] 就可以有效果,所以尽管放松地去练习,模仿是第一老师。
3.省略【h】的连读
以“h”开头的单词 [h] 音近乎省略。因为 [h] 发音特殊——只是出气没有摩擦,所以拼读时好像被省略了。
1、does~he know?
2、what~happened?
3、please give~him a hand!
略读规则–发音规则英语中六个爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
爆破音和爆破音相邻,第一个爆破音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称为失爆,略读时并不是把整个音丢掉,而是发音时点到为止,有口型不发音或轻微发音;爆破音和其他辅音相邻,该爆破音不完全爆破。英语语音中的失爆和不完全爆破现象,我们简称为“略读”。
1·略读规则 爆破音+爆破音=失去爆破
六个爆破音中任意两个相遇,一个爆破音后紧跟着另一个爆破音时,前面一个音点到为止,形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,第二个音完全爆破;
若第二个爆破音在词尾,则必须轻化。
以一个爆破音结尾并以同一个爆破音开始时,只发一次音,前一个音只做好发音准备而不发音,直接发第二个音。
单词内失爆
1.active=a(c)tive [k]+[t]
2.blackboard=blac(k)board [k]+[b]
3.dictation=di(k)tation [k]+[t]
4.football=foo(t)ball [t]+[b]
5.goodbye=goo(d)bye [d]+[b]
句子中失爆
6.stop talking!=sto(p)-talking!
7.i don(t) -care.
8.i had a bad cold.=i had a ba(d)-cold.
爆破音[t]和[d]+鼻辅音[m]和[n]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟鼻辅音[m]和[n],[t]和[d]形成阻碍,在词末必须通过鼻腔爆破;发音时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,稍放开立刻贴回,从爆破音到鼻音舌位不变,让气流通过鼻腔冲出,在词中则不完全爆破。
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]
1. britain [tn]
2、certain [tn]
3、frighten [tn]
4、admire=a(d)mire [d]=[m]
5、admit=a(d)mit [d]+[m]
6、goodness=goo(d)ness [d]+[n]
7、good morning!=goo(d)-morning!
8、let me take a look.=le(t)-me take a look.
9、i don(t)-know what to say.
爆破音[t]和[d]+舌边音[l]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟舌边音[l],则必须由舌两边爆破,这种情况多发生在词尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟清晰舌边[l],则为不完全爆破。
[t]和[d]+[l]
1.battle [t]+[l]
any soldiers were killed in the battle.
2.gentle [t]+[l]
his soap is very gentle on the hands.
3.little [t]+[l]
im a little tired.
4.settle [t]+[l]
the company has agreed to settle out of court.
5.title [t]+[l]
give your name and title。
[t]和[d]+[l]在词中
1.heartless=hear(t)less [t]+[l]
the decision does seem a little heartless.
2.lately=la(te)ly [t]+[l]
have you seen him lately?
3.badly=ba(d)ly [d]+[l]
things have been going badly.
4.needless=nee(d)less [d]+[l]
banning somking would save needless deaths.
[t]和[d]+[l]在句中
1.good luck!=goo(d)-luck!
2.i would like to have one.=i woul(d) like to have one.
3.at last, we made it to his party.=a(t) last, we made it to his party.
爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音=失去爆破
当爆破音后紧跟着摩擦音和破擦音时,该爆破音形成阻碍,但不完全爆破。
摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ e][s][ z][ ?][ ? ][h][r]
破擦音:[ts]-[dz],[tr]-[dr],[t?]-[d?]
单词内失爆
1.advance=a(d)vance [d]+[v]
2.bookshop=boo(k)shop [k]+[ ?]
3.helpful=hel(p)ful [p]+[f]
4.lecture=le(c)ture [k]+[t?]
5.object=o(b)ject [b]+[d?]
句子内失爆
1.you look fantastic.=you loo(k)-fantastic.
2.ill ge(t) there by ten.
3.lets have a goo(d)-chat.
4.i haven(t)-read the book.
5.wish you a great success!=wish you a grea(t)-success!
6.put the book on the desk.=pu(t)-the book on the desk.
7.she is one of my old friends.=she is one of my ol(d)-friends.
8.id like a room with a goo(d) view.
9.i am quite sure that you will
win.=i am qui(te) sure that you will win.
10.don(t) judge people only by appearance.
断句当句子较长时,人们会觉得很难一口气把话说完。这时,可以按语义和语法的关系把句子分为若干段,每一段就是一个意群。换句话说,意群就是可以构成一个相对独立意思的一段,是组成句子的部件。
意群和意群之间可以有一定的停顿,这种停顿和人们的思维活动是一致的。但一个意群中的各个单词之间则不可停顿,整个意群读下来就像一个长单词一样。记住:英语不是一个词一个词地说的。
句子的重音句子重读的一般规则
在连贯的话语中,不可能所有的词都同样重要,必须有些词较为关键,有些词则相对次要一些。一般来说,关键词需要重读,这就是句子的重音,而其他词则不必重读。或者可以说成:实词重读,虚词不重读。
一般需要重读的词(实词/关键词):
实义动词、名词、形容词、副词、数词、疑问词和感叹词等。
语调语调是帮助我们表达各种思想感情的重要途径,英语语调的基本类型有降调、升调和平调。
降调表示说话人的态度肯定、意思完整、语法结构独立;升调表示说话人的态度不肯定、意思不完整、语法结构不独立;平调一般用于直接引语后面,表述所说的话,音高没有高低的变化。在意义比较复杂的句子或意群中,往往结合了三种基本语调,构成升降调或者降升调,而使语调变得复杂。