2017年考研英语（一）详解text 226.?queen liliuokalani’s remark in paragraph 1 indicates
（favour，because tmt is opposed by some locals partly）
27. mauna kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to(因果关系)
28. the construction of the tmt?is opposed by some locals partly because（tmt的建造遭当地人反对的原因是什么）
29. ★it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy?
30. the author’s attitude toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one of（中心）
astronomy[??str?n?mi]n.天文学;
autonomy [???t?n?mi]自治,自治权
(auto自己+nomy统治,系统→自己统治→自治)
economy [??k?n?mi]经济[学];节约(eco经济+nomy某一领域[的知识]→经济[学],引申为节约)
?
?
26.?queen liliuokalani’s remark in paragraph 1 indicates
[a] the importance of astronomy?in ancient hawaiian society.
[b] her conservative?view on the historical role of astronomy.
[c] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[d] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
【精准定位】①句直引利留卡拉尼女王之言“古代夏威夷人都是天文学家”,顺藤摸瓜，②句随后解释“古代夏威夷社会观星师极受尊敬”。sadly,在这里表转折，相当于but.后面与①句没有关系。答案是②star watchers were among?the most esteemed?members of hawaiian society的同意转换。
feat?[fi?t]n.功绩
conservative：opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values
appreciate?[??pri??ie?t]欣赏(ap一再+preci价值+ate表动词→一再给价→欣赏)
① wrote queen liliuokalani, hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. ②star watchers were among the most esteemed members of?hawaiian society. sadly, all is not well with astronomy in hawaii today. protests have erupted over construction of the thirty meter telescope(tmt), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.
“古夏威夷人都是天文学家”，夏威夷最后一位统治君主——利留卡拉尼女王在1897年写道。观星人曾经是夏威夷社会中最受人敬重的群体。但可悲的是，夏威夷如今的天文学却发展地不那么好。三十米望远镜（简称tmt）是一座巨型天文观测台，它有望彻底改变人类对宇宙的认知，它的修建遭到了人们的抗议。
?
astronomer[??str?n?m?(r)] n.天文学家
disaster [d??zɑ:st?(r)] n.向灾难;史祸(dis- (expressing negation);aster=star,表示)（如彗星扫月）
disaster movies灾难电影
astronomy [??str?n?mi] [??str?n?mi] n.天文学;(研究星星的；nomy=a field of knowledge,表示)
astronaut [??str?n?:t] n.宇航员; 太空人; 航天员;
catastrophe ?[k??t?str?fi] n.大灾难;横祸(cat astro=star)
reign [re?n]v.统治;治理;占优势;盛行n.君主统治时期;君主的统治
foreign [?f?r?n] adj.外国的，外交的; 外来的(for- =out of doors; reign统治)
sovereign[?s?vr?n]君主; 最高统治者,主权（sove=solvevt.解决；reign统治）
mono-表示“单个，一个”
monarch [?m?n?k] 君主，独裁者（mon+arch 统治者）
monopoly [m??n?p?li] n.垄断; 专卖; 垄断者; 专利品;（mono+poly→独家卖→垄断）
estimate [?est?m?t] n.估计，预测（estim=value 价值）
esteem [??sti:m] 尊敬、尊重
cosmos [?k?zm?s]n.宇宙;
protest?[?pr??test]n.抗议，反对(test=test)
erupt[??r?pt]v.喷发; 爆发(rupt=break)
corrupt[k??r?pt]腐败的;变环的(cor全部+rupt断)
construct [k?n?str?kt]建筑(struct=build)
destruct [d?str?kt]故意或有计划的破坏(de去掉+struct建立,结构)
telegraph [?tel?grɑ:f] (tele=far graph写→用电写→电报).
telephone [?tel?f??n]( tele远+phone声音,话机→n.电话,电话机) v.打电话
telescope [?tel?sk??p]n.望远镜
promise [?pr?m?s] 允诺，许诺(pro=before;?mis = send,cas t,表示“送)(之前送出的话)
revolutionize?[?rev??lu???na?z]（re反+volt转）
humanity [hju:?m?n?ti] n.人类; 人性; (hum=ground; -ity 名词字尾)(三大宗教中皆以为人是泥巴做的)
humble [?h?mbl] adj.谦逊的; 简陋的; （级别或地位）低下的; 不大的;(在地上的东西)
survey [?s?:ve?]调查 ??（sur在……上面+vey=view看,查）
view=see,表示 ?
view [vju:]景色, 风景
viewpoint [?vju:p??nt]观点（view观察+point点）
envy [?envi]羡慕,忌妒(en+vy=view看,查)
interview [??nt?vju:]接见, 会见(inter在……之间+view看,查)
review [r??vju:] 回顾, 复习(re=again, view看,)
27.?mauna kea?is deemed as an ideal astronomical site?due to（据果求因）
[a] its religious implications.
[b] its protective surroundings.
[c] its geographical features.
[d] its existing infrastructure.
?
at issue is the tmts planned?location?on mauna kea, a dormant volcano worshiped?by some hawaiians as?the piko , that connects the hawaiian islands to?the heavens.?but?mauna kea is also home to some of the worlds dense atmosphere,?where conditions?allow telescopes to obtain images of?unsurpassed clarity.
connect [k??nekt]v.(使)连接/接通; 把…联系起来
~ a to/with b
dormant[?d??m?nt] adj.休眠的; 蛰伏的（dorm=sleep,表示）
dormitory[?d??m?tri] 集体寝室;宿舍（dorm睡眠+it+ory场所）
volcano?[v?l?ke?n??]?n.火山;（o 1. 表名词,）(volcan来自罗马神话中的火神vulcan)
solo [?s??l??] 单独的[地];独唱的[地]（sol单独+o音乐术语）radio;piano;
争论的焦点是三十米望远镜选址位于莫纳克亚山。莫纳克亚这座休眠火山，被一些夏威夷人奉为连接夏威夷岛和天堂的脐带。它是被一些夏威夷人信奉为“piko”（夏威夷本地语言中代表着“大海的浪花”，“冲浪运动”，并引申有“阳光”，“生命”，“健康”等含义）的休眠火山。但是莫纳克亚山也是世界上一些功能最强大的天文望远镜的坐落之地。高栖于太平洋之中,莫纳克亚山的最高点不受地球稠密的大气层的响，那里的条件使得望远镜能够获取无比清晰的图像。
at issue is the tmts planned location on mauna kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some hawaiians as the piko , that connects the hawaiian islands to the heavens.争论的焦点是三十米望远镜选址位于莫纳克亚山。莫纳克亚这座休眠火山被一些夏威夷人奉为连接夏威夷岛和天堂的脐带。
?
【句子讲解】本句是复合句。
主句采用了倒装语序,由“表语( at issue)+系动词(is)+主语(the tmt从句中,that代替先行词piko作主语,谓语是 connects…to,宾语是the?hawaiian islands, the heavens.
?
rested in the pacific ocean, mauna keas dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.高栖于太平洋之中,莫纳克亚山的最高点不受地球稠密的大气层的影响，那里的条件使得望远镜能够获取无比清晰的图像。
主句由“主语( mauna keaspeak+谓语(rises above)+宾语the bulk of our planet主语( conditions)+谓语(allow)+宾语( telescopes)+宾语补足语( to obtain images)”构成,介词短活 of unsurpassed clarity作 images的后置定语。
?
28. the construction of the tmt?is opposed by some locals?partly because
[a] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[b] they fear losing control of mauna kea.
[c] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[d] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
?
opposition to telescopes on mauna kea is nothing new. a small but vocal group of hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as?disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
sovereign[?s?vr?n]君主; 最高统治者,主权（sove=solvevt.解决；reign统治）
disrespect [?d?sr??spekt] n.失礼，无礼;(dis=away;respect尊敬)
“反对在莫纳克亚山建造天文望远镜已经不是什么新鲜事了。长久以来，少数夏威夷人和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那片神圣土地的亵渎，并且会使人们想起这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛回忆。
some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. in their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is?not?the only way of understanding the world. they did not always prioritize the protection of mauna kea it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
current [?k?r?nt] 现在的; 最近的，电流; 水流;（curr=run,表示跑,发生,快速做）
currency [?k?r?nsi]流传,流通;通货,货币
curriculum [k??r?kj?l?m] curr跑,发生,快速做……+iculum表名词→学生跑来跑去的[依据]→课程表
occurrence [??k?r?ns]发生,出现,事件,发生的事情，occur[v.发生,出现;存在;想起,想到]+ence表名词→occurrence发生,出现
controversy ?[?k?ntr?v?:si]n.辩论;争论
（contra-表示)
★controversial [?k?ntr??v?:?l] adj.有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的;( contro相反；vers=turn)（来回反转）
prioritize [pra???r?ta?z]vt.按重要性排列
priority[pra???r?ti]n.优先，优先权(prior=first/chief;ity表名词)
fragile[?fr?d?a?l]adj.脆弱的; 易碎的;
ecosystems [?i?k??s?st?m]n.<生>生态系统
inhabitant [?n?h?b?t?nt] n. 居民（in=into，habit习惯；-ant后缀）
?relic?[?rel?k]n.遗物，遗迹
renaissance?[r??ne?sns]n.文艺复兴（时期）; 复活，复燃
?
当前争议的部分责任归于天文学家.他们渴望建造更为大型的望远镜,却忘记了科学并非是探知世界的唯一途径。他们并未优先考虑保护其脆弱的生态环境以及其对岛上居民的神圣意义。夏威夷文化并非过去的遗迹它是当前正在复兴的鲜活的文化。
29. it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy ?
[a] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient hawaiians.
[b] helps spread hawaiian culture across the world.
[c] may uncover the origin of hawaiian culture.
[d] will eventually soften hawaiians’ hostility.
yet?science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. the same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early polynesians to hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. calls to disassemble all telescopes on mauna kea or to ban future development there?ignore the reality?that astronomy and hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
但是科学也有文化史,其根源要追溯到文明的开端。探索地平线以外世界的求知欲最先把早期波利尼西亚人带至夏威夷海岸,也正是这种求知欲激励着当今的天文学家去探索天空.人们对拆除莫纳克亚山上所有的望远镜或禁止在那里进一步开发的呼吁忽视了这样一个现实——天文学和夏威夷文化都试图回答关于我们是谁,我们从哪儿来以及要到哪儿去这样的重要问题。或许这就是我们要探索星空的原因,就好像是在回应一个原始召唤,即了解我们自己和我们的祖先的真正家园。
?
horizon[h??ra?zn]n.地平线;范围;眼界,视野
it helps broaden ones horizons它有助于开阔眼界.
inspire[?n?spa??(r)] v.吸气；鼓励(前缀：in- 表示向内；词根：spir-表示呼吸；)
disassemble[?d?s??sembl] vt.解开
assemble [??sembl]集合,召集;装配;收集
(as不断+sembl=same相类似,一样+e→不断[走向]同一个地方→召集)
starry?[?stɑ?ri]adj.布满星星的
recession [r??se?n] n.经济衰退，不景气; 后退(re=back,?cess=go)
ancestral?[?n?sestr?l](ac=to; cess=go;al后缀)
词根:cess=go,表示
access[??kses]接近;入口(ac=to; cess=go)
ancestor[??nsest?(r)] n.祖先，祖宗;( an=ante前;cest=cess=go;-or人)
concession [k?n?se?n]让步

;退位（con=together；cess=go;-ion动作或状态）
excess [?k?ses]过度,过剩(ex=out;cess=go)
necessary [?nes?s?ri]必需品(ne=need;cess=go;-ary物)
necessity[n??ses?ti]必要性, 需要,必需品(ne=need;cess=go;- ity性质,特性)
process [?pr??ses] n.过程;进行 v.加工, 处理
success [s?k?ses]成功;胜利(suc随后+cess=go)(随后跟上)
succession接连发生,继承, 继任(suc随后+cess=go,ion名词后缀)(随后跟上)
?
perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if (we are)answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.【句子讲解】本句是复合句。主句的主语是that,系动词是is,why引导的表语从句作表语;表语从句由“主语(we)+谓语( explore)+宾语( the starry skies)”构成。as if引导的方式状语从句,作主句的方式状语;该从句省略了 we are,补充完整应为 we are answering…;其主语是we,谓语是are answering,宾语是 a primal calling,动词不定式短语 to know?ourselves and our true ancestral homes作 calling的后置定语。句首的副词 perhaps作状语。
?
yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.【句

子讲解】本句是简单句,其主语是 science,谓语是has,宾语是 a cultural history;副词too作状语,独立主格结构with roots?going back to the dawn of civilization作伴随状语。句首的连词yet承接上文,表转折。
1)?独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
30. the author’s attitude toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one of
[a] severe criticism.
[b] full approval.
[c] passive acceptance.
[d] slight hesitancy.?(hes=stick,表示it=go)
the astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of mauna kea. the tmt site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. to limit the number of telescopes on mauna kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. there is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on mauna kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
天文学界正在为改变其对莫纳克亚山的利用而做出妥协。三十米望远镜的选址将最大程度降低望远镜在岛屿与四周的能见度,同时避免对考古和环境造成的影响。为了限制莫纳克亚山上望远镜的数量,之前建立的望远镜在其使用寿命结束后将会被移除,它们的建造地也会被恢复成自然状态。没有理由不欢迎人们去莫纳克亚山拥抱他们的文化遗产并研究星体。
community [k??mju:n?ti] n.社区; 社会团体; 共同体;(com-=together,mun=server,-ity名词后缀，… 的地方。)
?
prominent [?pr?m?n?nt] adj.突出的，杰出的（pro=before+min伸+ent……的）（向前伸出→杰出的）
★compromise [?k?mpr?ma?z] n.妥协; （名誉等的）损害; 妥协（com= + promise保证）
★promise[?pr?m?s] vt.允诺，许诺;（pro 前面＋mise）（在做事前送出的话
★heritage [?her?t?d?]n.遗产;
inherent [?n?h??r?nt] adj.固有的，内在的; 天生( in里面+her粘附+ent……的)
inherit [?n?her?t] 继承,经遗传获得( in里面+her粘附;it=go)
(一家人的基因（gen）在里面粘着走，有继承权)
?
there is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on mauna kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.【句子讲解】本句是复合句。主句是 there be句型,由“ there+be(is)+主语( no reason)”构成。why引导的定语从句,修饰 reason;从句的主语是everyone,谓语 cannot be?welcomed使用了被动语态,and连接的并列的动词不定式短语to?embrace their cultural heritage?to study the stars作主语补足语;介词短语 on mauna kea作地点状语。
?
26. queen liliuokalani’s remark in paragraph 1 indicates
[a] the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.
[b] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[c] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[d] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
27. mauna kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[a] its religious implications.
[b] its protective surroundings.
[c] its geographical features.
[d] its existing infrastructure.
28. the construction of the tmt is opposed by some locals partly because
[a] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[b] they fear losing control of mauna kea.
[c] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[d] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
29. it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy ?
[a] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient hawaiians.
[b] helps spread hawaiian culture across the world.
[c] may uncover the origin of hawaiian culture.
[d] will eventually soften hawaiians’ hostility.
30. the author’s attitude toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one of
[a] severe criticism.
[b] full approval.
[c] passive acceptance.
[d] slight hesitancy.
?
?
　　26. ????????queen liliuokalanis remark in paragraph 1 indicates
　　[a] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
　　[b] the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.
　　[c] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
　　[d] her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.
　　【答案】[b] the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.
　　27. ????????mauna kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
　　[a] its geographical features
　　[b] its protective surroundings.
　　[c] its religious implications.
　　[d] its existing infrastructure.
　　【答案】[a] its geographical features
　　28.????????the construction of the tmt is opposed by some locals partly because
　　[a] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
　　[b] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
　　[c] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
　　[d] they fear losing control of mauna kea.
　　【答案】[b] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
　　29.????????it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy
　　[a] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient hawaiians.
　　[b] helps spread hawaiian culture across the world.
　　[c] may uncover the origin of hawaiian culture.
　　[d] will eventually soften hawaiians hostility.
　　【精准定位】第五段①句以“科学也有其文化历史”指出天文学和夏威夷文化具有相通之处,②③4句具体说明相通之处:探索人(天文学家和古代夏威夷人)好奇心相同、都在试图解答相同人类本源问题(我们是谁?从哪里来?到哪里去?)、文化使命一致(了解自己以及祖先的真正家园)。由此可知,当今天文学的进步实质上能够圆了古代夏威夷人的梦想,故【a】正确。【命题解密】题千+正确项【a】“天文学是在实现古代夏威夷人的梦想”是对第五段主旨“天文学与古夏威夷人都有探索精神,都寻求回答有关人类本源的问题、文化使命一致”的合理引申。
　　30.????????the authors attitude toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one of
　　[a] severe criticism.
　　[b] passive acceptance.
　　[c] slight hesitancy.
　　[d] full approval.
　　【答案】[d] full approval.