??2020普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英 语

2020全国1卷高考英语阅读理解cd篇随文生词及翻译真题训练

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

c

race walking竞走?shares many?fitness健身 benefits益处?with running, research shows, while?most likely最可能的?contributing to原因 fewer更少 injuries受伤. it does, however, have its?own problem自己的问题.

race walkers are?conditioned有条件的 athletes运动员.?the longest?track跟踪；踪迹?and?field野外?event at the summer olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the?marathon马拉松. but the sport’s rules?require需要?that a race walker’s?knees膝盖 stay straight直的?through most of the leg?swing摆动?and one foot?remain保持?in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an?attractive吸引力的activity, however, says jaclyn norberg, an?assistant助理?professor of?exercise锻炼?science at salem state university in salem, mass.

like running, race walking is?physically demanding身体要求, she says,?according to根据?most?calculations计算, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would?burn燃烧?about 800 calories(卡路里)?per每?hour, which is?approximately大约?twice两次as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

however, race walking does not?pound冲击；磅?the body as much as running does, dr. norberg says. according to her research, runners?hit撞击?the?ground地面?with as much as four times their body?weight重量 per step每步,?while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about times their body weight with each step.

as a result因此, she says, some of the?injuries受伤 associated联系?with running, such as runner’s knee, are?uncommon不普遍的?among race walkers. but the sport’s strange?form形式?does place?considerable许多 stress压力?on the?ankles脚踝 and hips臀部, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be?cautious谨慎?in?adopting采取?the sport. in fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first?consult咨询a?coach教练?or?experienced有经验的 racer竞走者?to learn?proper适当的 technique技术, she says. it takes some practice.

28. why are race walkers conditioned athletes

a. they must run long distances.

b. they are qualified for the marathon.

c. they have to follow special rules.

d. they are good at swinging their legs.

29. what advantage does race walking have over running

a. it’s more popular at the olympics.

b. it’s less challenging physically.

c. it’s more effective in body building.

d. it’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

30. what is dr. norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking

a. getting experts’ opinions. b. having a medical checkup.

c. hiring an experienced coach. d. doing regular exercises.

31. which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking

a. skeptical怀疑的. b. objective反对的.

c. tolerant容忍的. d. conservative保守的.

研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多共同的健身益处，但最可能的原因是减

少受伤。然而，它也有自己的问题。

竞走运动员是有条件的运动员。夏季奥运会最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松长约5英里。但是这项运动的 规则要求竞走者的膝盖在大部分挥杆过程中保持笔直，一只脚保持接触。一直与地面

马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学的运动科学助理教授杰克琳·诺伯格说，正是这种奇怪的跑步方式使得竞走成为一项很有吸引力的活动。她说，就像跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求也很高。根据大多数计算，以每小时6英里的速度运动的竞走者将消耗大约800卡路里的热量。卡路里)这大约是步行的两倍，尽管步行比跑步要少，跑步每小时可能会燃烧大约1000或更多的卡路里。

然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击并不像跑步那么大。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步触地的重量是他们体重的4倍，而竞走者，不

离开地面，每走一步只产生大约两倍体重的重量。

因此，她说，一些与跑步相关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。但这项运动的奇特形式的确给脚踝和臀部带来了相当大的压力，所以有这类损伤史的人可能要谨慎从事这项运动。她说，事实

上，任何想要尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询一下教练或有经验的选手来学习正确的技术。这需要练习。

d

the?connection联系?between people and plants has long been the?subject主题 of scientific research科学研究. recent studies have found?positive积极的 effects影响. a study?conducted执行；进行?in youngstown, ohio, for example,?discovered发现?that?greener areas更绿色的地区?of the city?experienced体验?less?crime犯罪. in another,?employees?were?shown显示?to be 15% more?productive多产的?when their?workplaces工作场所?were?decorated装饰?with?houseplants室内植物.

the?engineers工程师?at the massachusetts institute of technology (mit) have taken it a?step further更进一步—changing the?actual实际的 composition构成?of plants?in order to为了?get them to?perform表现 diverse多样性, even?unusual不寻常的 functions功能. these?include包括?plants that have?sensors传感器 printed打印?onto their?leaves叶子 to show when they’re?short of缺乏?water and a plant that can?detect发现 harmful chemicals有害的化学物质?in?groundwater地下水.?”we’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to?replace替代?functions of the

things that we use every day,”?explained解释?michael strano, a professor of chemical engineering at mit.

one of his?latest projects最新的项目?has been to make plants grow(发光) in?experiments实验?using some common?vegetables蔬菜. strano’s team found that they could?create创造 a?faint微弱的 light光?for three-and-a-half hours. the light, about one-thousandth of the?amount?needed to read by, is just a start. the technology, strano said, could one day be used to?light照亮?the rooms or even to turn trees into?self-powered street lamps.

in the future, the team hopes to develop a?version?of the technology that can be?sprayed?onto plant leaves in a?one-off treatment?that would last the plant’s lifetime. the engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the?glow?would?fade?when?exposed?to?daylight.

lighting?accounts for占比?about 7% of the?

total总的 electricity电力 consumed消耗?in the us.?since因为 lighting is often?far removed远离?from the power source(电源)—such as the?distance距离?from a power plant to?street lamps路灯 on a?remote遥远的 highway公路—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).?glowing发光的?plants could?reduce减少?this distance and?therefore因此?help?save energy节约能源.

32. what is the first paragraph mainly about

a. a new study of different plants.

b. a big fall in crime rates.

c. employees from various workplaces.

d. benefits from green plants.

33. what is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by mit engineer

a. to detect plants’ lack of water .

b. to change compositions of plants.

c. to make the life of plants longer.

d. to test chemicals in plants.

34. what can we expect of the glowing plants in the future

a. they will speed up energy production.

b. they may transmit electricity to the home.

c. they might help reduce energy consumption.

d. they could take the place of power plants.

35. which of the following can be the best title for the text

a. can we grow more glowing plants

b. how do we live with glowing plants

c. could glowing plants replace lamps

d. how are glowing plants made pollution-free

长期以来，人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的课题。最近的研究发现了积极的影响。例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中更绿色的地区的犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所用室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。

麻省理工学院（mit）的工程师们更进一步——改变植物的实际组成，让它们执行各种不同 的，甚至不寻常的功能。其中包括在叶片上印有传感器的植物，以显示缺水时的情况，以及能够检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。”我们正在考虑如何设计植物来替代我们每天使用的东西的功能，”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释说。

他最近的一个项目是让植物生长发光。在实验中使用一些常见的蔬菜。斯特拉诺的团队发现他们可以在三个半小时内制造出微弱的光线。光，大约是阅读所需量的千分之一，只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说，这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间，甚至把树木变成自动供电的路灯。

在未来，该团队希望开发出一种技术，可以一次性喷洒到植物叶片上，从而使植物的寿命延长。工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当日光照射时，这种开关可以使光线减弱。

在美国，照明占总用电量的7%左右。由于照明往往远离电源—例如，在偏远的公路上，从发电厂到路灯的距离——在传输过程中损失了大量的能源。发光植物可以减少这种距离，从而有助于节约能源。????