（一）历史文化
位于：be situated/located at/in
重视/强调/讲究：attach great importance to
重要文化遗产：major/important cultural heritage
发挥了重要作用：play an important role in
象征：symbolize；
象征意义：symbolic meaning
大多数：most of; the majority of
以……为基础/背景：set in
基于：based on
发源于/起源于：originate from/in, sth is the birthplace/cradle of，start in
来源于：be derived from
出处: origin
兴起于…，兴盛于 emerge in… and prosper in
公元前/后…世纪上/下半叶: the first/second half of the …… century b.c/ a.d.
繁荣/昌盛：flourish/prosper
建立（商业关系/朝代等）：establish, build
以…命名：be named after；name after
一种方式：a type of
贵族：aristocratic families
兴衰：rise and fall
封建社会：feudal society
错综复杂：complicate
事实上：as a matter of fact
国界：national boundary
生动感人：vivid and touching
种类繁多：a great variety of; a wide range of
以…闻名：be renowned/famous/known for
享有盛名：be well known, be highly reputed, be preeminent
公认的：universally-acknowledged
广泛使用：be widely used
被…所知：be familiar to
熟悉：be familiar with
享有…的美誉：enjoy a good/high reputation
对…极其重要：be of vital importance/significance to; be vitally important to
…具有…的特点：… be marked/characterized/featured by …
占地面积：cover an area of
幅员辽阔：a vast territory
省会：provincial capital
（河湖等的水）…很浅：shallow
蓄洪池 flood basin；a place for flood storage
海拔……米：… meters above sea level；at the altitude of…
淡水湖：freshwater lake
咸水湖：saltwater lake
繁荣的/蓬勃发展的/辉煌的：thriving, prosperous, flourishing，splendid
成千上万的：thousands of
吸引来自世界各地的游客：attract/allure/draw tourists from all around the world
一年一度的：annual
吸引：appeal to; attract/draw
有吸引力的：attractive/ appealing
迁徙：migration
珍稀：valuable and rare
九朝古都：the ancient capital of nine dynasties
封建统治阶级：the feudal ruling class
人与自然协调发展：coordination between humanity and nature
促进交流：promote exchanges
一代又一代：from generation to generation
广泛而持久的影响：wide and lasting impact
促进文化传播：promote the spread of culture
观赏：view; appreciate
代表人物：representative
统治：reign
精巧：intricate
现实主义：realism
夸张：exaggeration
浪漫主义：romanticism
融合：combine
采用：borrow
形象：character
痛苦的：miserable/hard/sad
悲剧性的：tragic
鲜明的：distinctive
差异：vary
高度简练：highly compact
形式固定：structurally fixed
描写刻画：depict
深刻的：profound
坚强：strength
不畏艰难/砥砺前行：forge ahead with no fear of hardship
不朽的：immortal
培育：breed
皇家园林：imperial gardens
绽放：bloom
纯洁：purity
诗人画家常用的/喜欢的题材：a main/ popular/ favorite subject for poets and painters
比喻：metaphor
浪漫化：romanticize
戏剧化：dramatize
高尚品德：noble character
恰当的: proper
艳丽：bright
雅致：elegant
二十四节气：24 solar terms
手工业：handicrafts industry
创始人：founder
手工艺人：craftsman
家庭装饰：home decoration
从….获取灵感：draw/gain/take inspiration from…
文学创作：literary creations
历史人物：historical figure
主要人物：main character
民间艺术：folk art
丝绸之路：silk road
瓷器：porcelain, china
儒家思想/儒教：confucianism
文化交流：cultural exchanges
宫灯/花灯：palace/festival lantern
文学名著 ：literature masterpiece
神话：myths
传说：story
历史事件：historical facts
京剧：peking opera
大家庭：extended family
科举考试：imperial examination
官员选拔：officials were selected
孝道：filial piety
家庭伦理：familial ethics
四大发明：the four great inventions
指南针：compass
造纸术：papermaking
印刷术：printing
火药：gunpowder
汉字：chinese characters
中国书法：chinese calligraphy
中国文学 chinese literature
成语：chinese idioms
字母：letters
方块字（汉字）：character
统一的书写形式：a common written form
方言：dialect
北方方言：northern dialects
南方方言：southern dialects
唐诗：tang poetry, poetry of the tang dynasty
筷子：chopsticks
（二）社会发展
将……和……结合：combine…with…
主要由…构成：the majority of… is
日益严重：get worse; deteriorate；
…（问题）严峻：severe; serious；become increasingly severe
…不足，缺少，缺乏：shortage/lack of; deficiency in/of sth
发展迅速/经历了快速发展：…has/have undergone rapid development/growth
可持续发展：sustainable development
经历巨大变化：undergo dramatic changes
前所未有的 ：unprecedented
带来、引起：bring about, give rise to, trigger
取得辉煌的成就：make amazing achievements
全球影响力：global influence
越来越多的：a rising number of
越来越多样：increasingly diverse; a growing variety of
独特的地位：unique status
缩小与…的差距：narrow the gap between … and
逐渐演变为：evolve into
占…比例：account for
共计：a total of
首选（的）：perferred
突出优势：an outstanding/a distinct advantage
是必不可少的/不可或缺的/不可分割的一部分：
be an essential/indispensable/inseparable/integral part of
公布：release; publish
推出: introduce; roll out; bring into use
鼓励：encourage; urge; stimulate
定期：regularly; at regular intervals; on a regular basis
上下班通勤：commute
交通管制：traffic control
交通拥堵：traffic congestion
准时：punctuality
新能源汽车：new energy vehicle
逐年：year by year; year after year
移动互联网技术：mobile internet technology
商业模式：business model
城市/镇化：urbanization
人口增长迅速：population ballooned
大都市：metropolis
网上/手机银行：online/mobile banking
有效的：effective
社会和谐：social harmony
舆论导向：direction of public opinion
外出打工人员：migrant worker
采取措施：take measures/steps
中产阶级：middle class
种植：cultivation
作物产量：crop yields
创新：innovation
出台新规：introduce/enact new policies
义务教育：compulsory education
多媒体：multimedia
必修课：required/compulsory course
选修课：elective/optional course
高分低能：high scores and low abilities
知识产权：intellectual property rights
信息革命：information revolution
人工智能：artificial intelligence
虚拟现实：virtual reality
生物技术：biotechnology
消费方式：pattern of consumption
和谐并存 harmonious coexistence
财富分配：wealth distribution
（三）中国经济
保持…的经济增速：maintain a gdp growth rate of
快速增长的：soaring; fast-growing
明显的增长：significant/marked/notable increase/growth
急剧上升、蓬勃发展：surge, soar, surge
排名第一：rank first in/among
不断变化和增长的需求：the ever-changing and growing demand
在…的支持下: with the support of
经济结构调整：adjustment of economic structure
消除贫困：eliminate poverty
改造：renovate; reconstruct; revamp
加大对……的投资：increase/ramp up investment in
增加…的数量：increase/boost the number of
实施(政策)：implement …
沿袭…的模式：continue with the model of
经济高速发展：rapid development of chinese economy
综合国力增强：rapid development of comprehensive national strength
预见：predict; forecast
融入：be integrated into
国际地位不断提高：international status keeps on increasing
高度评价：speak highly of
互惠互利：mutual benefit
商界：business communities
市场占有率/份额：market share
库存/存货量：stocks
销量：sales
利润：profits
商品：commodity
打折：discount
资源配置：allocation of resources
自助服务系统：self-service/self-help system
综合经济实力：the comprehensive economic strength
最大的经济体：the largest economy
企业家：the entrepreneurs
试验田：experimental plot
试点项目：pilot project
多元化：diversification
支付，付费：pay; make payments
一带一路：the belt and road
经济发达：economic boom
商业繁荣：commercial prosperity
社会稳定：social stability
总计/达到：amount to，add up to
支出：expenditure
消费：consumption
现金：cash
零钱：change
发行：issue
购买力：purchasing power
电脑犯罪：computer crime
网上购物：online shopping
电子商务：e-commerce
网上零售商：e-retailer
虚拟经济：fictitious economy
第一产业(农业)：primary industry
第二产业(工业)：secondary industry
第三产业(服务业)：tertiary industry
国内生产总值：gross domestic product (gdp)
市场调节：market regulation
国有企业：state-owned enterprises (soes)
私营企业：private businesses
中小企业：small and medium-sized enterprises
经济特区：special economic zone
高峰期：peak season
出境游：outbound tourism
满足需求：satisfy/meet the needs/requirements of
扩建：extension
（四）健康科技/环保
全民健身：national fitness
运动设施：sports facilities
运动场地：sporting field/ground; playing field
废旧的：derelict; deserted; old
健康管理：health management
医疗服务：medical service
烹饪文化：cuisine culture
饮食习惯：dietary habit
营养丰富：nutritious
生活方式：lifestyle
公众：the general public
急剧下降：decline sharply，on the sharp decline
人口老龄化 aging of the population
预期寿命 life expectancy
环境污染：environmental 
pollution
绿化水面：green water surfaces
美化公园：beautify gardens
净化水质：purify water
过度工业化：over-industrialization
过度拥挤：overcrowding
应运而生 emerge as needed/required
取决于 depend on；be decided by
网上冲浪：surf on the internet
在网上：online; over/on/via the internet
对…上瘾：to be/get addicted to
适宜：be suitable for
播放：broadcast
网页浏览：web browsing
网络世界：cyber world
虚拟世界：virtual world
电子设备：electronic device
科技发展：scientific and technological development
充电：update ones knowledge
缓解就业压力：alleviate employment pressure
城市化 urbanization
回收利用 recycle
资源枯竭 depletion of resources
节能减排：energy-saving and emission-reduction