考研英语历年真题与解析——E1-2016Text2


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真题来源:e1-2016text2

for the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. in britain this has had a curious result. while polls show britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal firmly, shakespeare and the national health service (nhs) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

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a century ago octavia hill launched the national trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” it was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they
考研英语历年真题与解析——E1-2016Text2插图
could experience “a refreshing air.” hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. they don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. it needs constant guardianship.

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at the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. the conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. the concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. the liberal democrats are silent. only ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. its campaign to protect rural england struck terror into many local conservative parties.

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the sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. the london agents stirling ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the london area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. what is true of london is even truer of the provinces.

the idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. the issue is not the need for more house but, as always, where to put them. under lobby pressure, george osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. he favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. this is not a free market but a biased one. rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. they do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. we do not ruin urban conservation areas. why ruin rural ones?

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development should be planned, not let rip. after the netherlands, britain is europe’s most crowded country. half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative – the corrupted landscapes of southern portugal spain or ireland avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite left and right of the political spectrum.

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1. britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________.

[a] is not well reflected in politics

[b] is fully backed by the royal family

[c] didn’t start till the shakespearean age

[d] has brought much benefit to the nhs

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2. according to paragraph 2, the achievements of the national trust are now being __________.

[a] largely overshadowed

[b] properly protected

[c] effectively reinforced

[d] gradually destroyed

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3. which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?

[a] labour is under attack for opposing development

[b] the conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building

[c] ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation

[d] the liberal democrats are losing political influence

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4.the author holds that george osborne’s preference __________.

[a] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas

[b] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis

[c] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure

[d] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

5. in the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of __________.

[a] the size of population in britain

[b] the enviable urban lifestyle in britain

[c] the town-and-country planning in britain

[d] the political life in today’s britain


答案解析:

1.[a]
根据题干“英国大众对于乡村的观点”,可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出:英国人民在民意调查中将“乡村”和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面,但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。a选项“is not well reflected in politics”在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换,故选a。

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2.[d]
根据题干很明确能定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的“a century ago”和后面的“later”可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是“now”,所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分,而这部分中“they don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.”一句表明现在的national trust已背离了它原始的初衷,它之前的那些成就已经消失了。d选项gradually destroyed正是对这一意思的表述,故选d。

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3.[c]
定位到第三段,该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点(及第一段中提到的观点)的态度:基本都不赞同。最后一部分“only ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land”该句说明只有ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点,要保护乡村的。c选项正是对原文的同义置换,故选c。

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4.[a]
第五段第六、七句指出:乡村得到了发展且将一直发展下去,边界及特点被尊重的乡村发展得最好;第八、九句批判osborne偏好“支持在乡村新建而不是在城市翻新或改造,支持在城郊修建购物中心而非在城中建商业街”。以及,没有破坏城市保护区,却破坏了乡村保护区。因为问的是作者对于奥斯本观点的看法,所以只需要看在奥斯本的观点之后作者的表达内容,第五段倒数两句话就是作者表达自己观点的地方,即“我们没有破坏城市中受到保护的地方”,“你们为什么要破坏乡村的呢?”这就说明奥斯本一方的观点是要破坏乡村环境。所以可得出答案是奥斯本想法表明了他对于乡村人们的忽视。故选a。

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5.[c]
根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句“development should be planned, not let trip,”说明发展是要有计划的,不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有计划的发展,取得了很好的成效。故选择c。


全文翻译:

有史以来第一次,住在城镇的人多于住在乡村的人。这在英国出现了奇怪的结果。虽然民意调查显示英国人认为“乡村”与王室、莎士比亚和国民保健制度(nhs)一样,是他们对自己的国家最为自豪的地方,但这得到的政治支持有限。

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一个世纪前,奥克塔维亚·希尔发起了国民托管组织,不是为了拯救时尚华丽的豪宅,而是“为所有人永久保留自然美的地方。”它专门为城市居民提供可以让他们体验到“一些清新空气”的休闲空间。后来,希尔的呼吁使得国家公园和绿化带得以创建。而现在,他们不再建设乡村,混凝土每年消耗更多的乡村。乡村需要持续保护。

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在下一届选举中,似乎没有哪个大党可能会赞同这种观点。保守党的规划改革明确将优先权给予了乡村开发而非自然保护,甚至批准在当地居民可能反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。可持续发展的概念已被定义为有利可图。同样,工党也想在当地议会反对开发的地方终止地方规划。自由民主党默不表态。只有独立党,觉察到了机会,与那些呼吁以一种更周全的方式使用绿地的人站在了一起。其“保护英格兰乡村运动”使得许多地方保守党胆战心惊。

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建造新房子、工厂和办公室的合理之地是在人们所在的地方,在基础设施准备就绪的城市和城镇。伦敦地产代理斯特林·阿克罗伊德最近仅在伦敦地区就选定足以修建50万套房屋的建筑用地,没有侵犯绿化带。伦敦能做到的外省更能做得到。

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“住房危机”等于“将草地浇筑混凝土”的理念纯粹是游说团体的说辞。问题不是需要建造更多的房子,而是,一如既往的,在哪里建造房子。在游说团体的压力下,乔治·奥斯本支持在乡村新建房子而非城市城市翻新和改造。他支持郊外购物场所而不是商业街。这不是自由市场而是有偏好的市场。乡村小镇和村庄已经发展并将一直发展下去。在建筑毗邻其边界并尊重其特点的地方,它们发展得更好。我们没有破坏城市保护区,为何要破坏乡村保护区?

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开发应该规划,而不是恣意开发。继荷兰之后,英国是欧洲最拥挤的国家。半个世纪的城乡规划使其能够保持令人羡慕的乡村协调性,同时还使低密度城市居住成为可能。毫无疑问另外一条路是——葡萄牙南部、西班牙或爱尔兰被破坏的风景地貌。要避免这种情况而不推波助澜应该将政治光谱上的左派和右派联合起来。


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