that, whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;if一般引导宾语从句,引导主语从句时只能用it作形式主语;because、as if等连词引导表语从句。主语从句Whether it turns out to be a good idea or a bad idea, we’ll find out.最终这个点子是好还是坏,我们会搞清楚的。
宾语从句Can you tell me if he can come to my birthday party?你能告诉我他是否会来参加我的生日派对吗?He said that he would one day get out of jail.他说,总有一天他会走出监狱。
表语从句She seemed as if she knew me.她看起来好像认识我。
同位语从句The news that our team has won is known by all.大家都已知道我们队赢了的消息。
二、引导状语从句什么是状语从句?状语从句简单地说就是在句中起状语作用的句子,在复合句中修饰主句中的动词形容词、或副词等的从句叫状语从句。状语从句一般放在句后,强调时放在句首。状语从句根据表达的意思可分为以下几种:时间—引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有 when、while、as、after、before、until/till、since、as soon as、 once 等When you arrive, ask for Jane.你到达后找简。地点—引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where、whereverYou shouldn’t go where you are not asked to.你不应该去不让你去的地方。原因—引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because、since、as、now that等Since you know all about it, tell me please.既然你都知道,那就请告诉我吧。目的—(引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that、so that、in case等)In order that we can arrive there on time, we should start off early.为了能按时赶到那里,我们应该早出发。结果—(引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so.. . that…、such .. that,..、so (that)、so等)My parents are waiting for me, so I must be off now. 我父母在等我,所以我现在必须得走了。让步—(引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although、though、as、even if、even though等)He went to school though/although he was very ill.尽管他病得很重,但他还是去上学了。比较(或方式)—(引导这两种从句的从属连词主要有than、as、as if、as though)和条件(引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if、unless、as/so long as等)等。He
speaks English as well as Americans (do).他的英语说得和美国人一样好。三、总结几个常用的连词用法What 常用于 主/宾/表/同位语从句,它通常在主句和从句中都充当成分。My parents are waiting for me, so I must be off now. 我父母在等我,所以我现在必须得走了。I cannot conceive what it must be like.我想象不出它会是什么样子。What引导的宾语从句,在主句和从句中都做宾语That 常用于 主/宾/表/定/状/同位语从句,是非常常用的连词,所能引导的从句种类也很多。1)引导名词性从句,不充当成分,无实际意义。It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。这个句子是名词性从句中的一种,主语从句。It 是形式主语,实际主语是that引导的主语从句that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2)引导定语从句That如果指代人或物时,可以在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。3)引导状语从句引导目的/结果状语从句,一般是和其他词搭配,如now that、so that…Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧,这样我们可以看得更清楚些。Whether 常用于 主/宾/表/同位语从句,它不充当成分,含义是“是否”。Others doubted whether that would happen.其他人都怀疑那会不会发生。Who 常用于 主/宾/表/定语从句,在从句中充当主语。(作宾语时常用whom)Police have not been able to find out who was responsible for the
forgeries.警察还未能发现谁是那些伪造案的元凶。Which常用于 主/宾/表/定语从句,在名词性从句中作定语表“哪一个”;在定语从句中指代物,可做主语和宾语,还可和介词一起做状语。引导宾语从句I wanted to know which school you went to.我想知道你就读的是哪所学校。引导定语从句Houses which overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子要价高些。