连词是一种虚词,用于联接单词、短语、从句或语句,在语句中不单独用作语句成分。
连词首要可分为4类:并排连词.转机连词.选择连词和因果连词。
连词也可以分为2类:并排连词和隶属连词。
并排连词用于联接并排的单词、短语、从句或语句,如and, but, or, for等
隶属连词首要引知名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时刻状语从句、条件状语从句、意图
状语从句等),引知名词性从句的连词如that,whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because,since, if 等。
今日,咱们首要说明的是并排连词的根柢用法。
常见并排连词
标明转机联络的并排连词:首要有 but(可是), yet(可是), while(而,却)等。
I would have written before but I have been ill.
我本该早写信的,但我患病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again.
我失利了,但我还要测验。
You like tennis, while I’d rather read.
你爱打网球,但我爱看书
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who.
有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记住是谁了。
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us.
他说他是咱们的兄弟,但却不愿协助咱们。
表选择的并排连词:首要 or (或许,仍是,否则), either…or…(不是…就是…), neither…or…(既不…也不…), otherwise(要否则)等。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.
留心你讲的话,否则你会后悔的。
Either say you’re sorry or else get out!
你要么抱愧,要么滚开!
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.
他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
要捉住机缘,否则你会后悔的。
注:neither…nor…
联接两个语句,留心用倒装语序。
标明因果联络的并排连词:首要有 for(因为), so(因而)等。
He shook his head, for he thought differently.
他摇了摇头,因为他有不一样主意。
He told me to do it, so I did it.
他让我这样做,所以我就这样做了。
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor.
这孩子咳得很好坏,所以他母亲带他去看医生。
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.
你们必定要战胜粗心粗心,因为粗心粗心常常致使严峻的差错。
留心:for标明成果一般不能放句首,也不能单独运用。
标明并排联络的并排连词:这类连词首要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as ,when(=and just at this time 就在这时)等。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile.
他会贪猥无厌。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
不只他讲得更正确,也讲得更不吃力了。
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
他正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了起来。
He didn’t go and she didn’t go either.
他没去,她也没去。
The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold.
今每气候很温暖,不冷也不热。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通疑问。
It is important for you as well as for me.
这对你和对我都很重要。
People who are either under age or over age may not join the army.
年纪不到或许超龄的人都不得参军。
常见并排连词用法
and:和,而且
I like basketball, football and table-tennis.
我喜爱篮球、足球和乒乓球。
根柢用法
and标明“和”、“而且”的意思,用来联接对等联络的字和字,片语与片语,语句与语句。
He got up and put on his hat.
他站起来,戴上了帽子。
I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.
我去颐和园,他去北海公园。
留心
单词或词组假定是三个以上联接,一般在最终的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不必定要翻译出“和”来。
特别用法:and在祈使句中的作用
句型:祈使句, and…=If you…, you’ll…
Use your head,and you’ll find a way.
动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
=If you use your head,you’ll find a way.
假定你动动脑子,你就会想出办法。
Hurry up,and you’ll catch the bus.
快点,你就会赶上公共轿车。
=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the bus.
假定你快点,你就会赶上公共轿车。
or,or else与otherwise或,或许,否则
Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.
李明是北京人仍是上海人呢?
I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam.
我有必要尽力学习,否则我会考试不及格的。
根柢用法
or标明“~或”的意思,运用于两者之中选择一个的时分。
Would you like coffee or tea?
你喜爱咖啡仍是茶?
Tom or I am right.我或许汤姆是对的。
Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.
李明或许是他的同班同学在打扫房间。
留心
“A or B”作主语时,谓语动词随or后边的词(B)而定,因而比方中的谓语动词遵守I,用am。
特别用法
句型:祈使句, or…=If you don’t…, you’ll…
同and相同,or在祈使句中的用法,译成“请…,否则…”,有转机的意思。
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the bus.
快点吧,否则你就会误了公共轿车。
=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the bus.
假定你不快点,你就会误了这班车。
Study hard,or you’ll fail in the exam.
好好学吧,否则你考试就会不及格。
=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail in the exam.
假定你不尽力学习,你考试就会不及格。
留心
or疑问句的读法or前面的有些用升调,后边的有些用降调。
but:可是,可是,而
He is old, but he looks very young.
他老了,但他看起来很年青。
Li Li likes violin but doesn’t like piano.
李莉喜爱小提琴,(可是)不喜爱钢琴。
(but 后边省掉了主语Li Li,因为与前面的主语成分相同)
Mary likes violin, but Tom doesn’t.
玛丽喜爱小提琴,而汤姆不喜爱。
(doesn’t后边省掉了like violin,因为与前面的成分相同)
He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.
他不是(一个)教师,而是医生。
They came here not for money but for the life.
他们到这儿来,不是要钱,而是要命。
留心
but所联接的语句,句中假定某些成分与前面相同,则可以省掉。
so, for
It began to rain,so we had to stay here.
初步下雨了,咱们不得不呆在这儿了。
so:所以,因而,所以
My teacher asked me to go, so I went.
咱们教师让我去,因而我就去了。
比照
so除了作连词外,也可以作副词。
I hope you can pass the exam.
我期望你能经过考试。
I hope so.我也期望。
Don’t walk so fast.别走得太快。
for:因为
I soon went to sleep, for I was tired.
我很快就入眠了,因为我太累了。
The sun has risen,for the birds are singing.
太阳升起来了,小鸟在歌唱。
比照
for是并排连词,不能置于富含两个并排分句的语句的句首,只能将其放在两个分句之间。
for和be cause for也可译为“因为”,可是它没有啥因果联络,不像because那样,而for只是阐明说明而已。
both…and:和,既……也……
He can play both the violin and the piano.
他既会拉小提琴,又会弹钢琴。
both…and…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.
(Li Ming和Li Li都是人,所以两者对等)
李明和李莉都是好学生。
留心
在both…and…句型中,and联接的词或词组要对等。
both…and的否定句标明有些否定。
He can’t play both the violin and the piano.
他会拉小提琴或许会弹钢琴。(不全会)
Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.
明和李莉不都是好学生。(其间一个是好学生)
either…or,neither…nor
I want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.
我想赏识天津或许上海。
I like neither English nor Chinese.
中文和英文我全不喜爱。
either…or:或……或……;不是……就是……
either…or…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词随其邻近的词,即or后边的词而定。
Either you or he is right.
不是你,就是他是对的。
此句型的否定句是全否定。
Either you or he isn’t right.
你和他都不对。
I don’t want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.
天津和上海我都不想赏识。
neither…nor:既不……也不……
当此词组担任主语时,谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法相同,由nor后边的词而定。
Neither you nor I am right.
你和我都不对。
此句型本身是全否定,因而不能再用否定式,即不能再加not。
(×)Neither You nor I am not right.
比照
both …and ,either…or ,neither …nor 这三个句型的彼此联络如下:
必定句:I like both A and B.我喜爱A和B。
I like both coffee and tea.
我喜爱咖啡和茶。(茶和咖啡我都喜爱)
否定句:I don’t like both A and B. =I like either A or B.
我不喜爱A 或B。
I like either coffee or tea .
咖啡和茶,我喜爱相同儿。
=I don’t like both coffee and tea .
I don’t like either A or B .=I like neither A nor B.
A和B 我都不喜爱。
咖啡和茶,我都不喜爱。
I like neither coffee nor tea .
I don’t like either coffee or tea .
not only….but also….与as well as 不但……而且
(1)Not only you but also your father is coming.
不但你,而且你父亲也要来。
(2)Jane is not only beautiful but also kind.
珍妮不但秀丽,而且人非常好。
(3)They visited some factories, hospitals as well as the school.
他们赏识了这所学校,还赏识了工厂和医院。
根柢用法
not only…but also担任主语时,此句型的谓语动词随 but also后边的有些而定,另外not only…but also联接对等的词或词组;
例:you(你)和 your father(你父亲)都是人。
beautiful(美的)和kind(亲热、慈祥)都是描述词。
该句型可以和“as well as”交换,但留心汉语翻译。
Your father as well as you is coming.
不但你,而且你父亲也要来。
留心
as well as的语句谓语动词随它前面的词“Your father”而定,所以用is coming.
Jane is kind as well as beautiful.
珍妮不但秀丽,而且为人极好。
not…but….不是….而是….,not和but后边用的词要遵从共同原则
Not money but wisdom is what we want.
不是金钱,而是才智,才是咱们想要的。
They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones)of a human being.
它们不是动物的骨头,而是人类的骨头。
however可是,可是
Our task is hard, however, we should work to the end.
咱们的使命是艰巨的,可是,咱们大约作业到最终。
but 与 however的用法差异
两者均可标明转机或比照,意为“可是”、“可是”、“可是”等,但有差异:
1. 标明转机时,but 是连词。
He is young but very experienced.
他虽年青,但经历很丰厚。
He has three daughters but no sons.
他有3 个女儿,但没有儿子。
He likes sports, but his wife likes music.
他喜爱运动,而他老婆则喜爱音乐。
2. however 标明“可是”、“可是”时,有的词书认为它是连词,有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词,或许是因为像许多副词相同不只能位于句首,而且能位于句中(留心前后使
用逗号),甚至句末(留心其前也用逗号)。
Later, however, he changed his mind.
可是他后来改动了主见。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.
他还没有到,不过他等会儿可以会来。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说情况如此,可是他错了。
留心:以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写。
He said that it was so, but he was mistaken.
他说情况如此,可他错了。
3. 当联接两个语句时,其前一般使用分号,或另起新句。
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out.
雨下得很大,但我想咱们还得出去。
留心:上例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写 (留心所用标点的改变)。
It’s raining hard, but I think we should go out.
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