目录

一、世界音标表 1

二、 元音 2

（一） 单元音 3

1、前元音 3

2、中元音 4

3、后元音 5

（二） 双元音 7

1、开合双元音 7

2、 会集双元音 8

三、辅　音 10

1、 爆破音 10

2、 冲突音 10

3、 破擦音 11

4、 鼻音 12

5、 舌侧音 13

6、 半元音 13

一、世界音标表

美式音标

二、元音

（一）单元音

1、前元音

1) [i:]是个长音，靠口腔宣告，发声处靠前，口型很扁，嘴唇向两端翻开成浅笑状。

字母组合: ee ea e ie ei i

ee:

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek feel

ea: eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please flea

e: he she me even equal

ie: piece niece field relief chief brief thief believe

ei: receive ceiling receipt protein seize

i: unique police litre kilo antique machine

2) []是个短音，靠喉咙宣告，发声处靠后，口型略窄，发这个音时，要时刻短有力。

字母组合： i y e ui u a

i: sit picture it is list six fix fit pig big build miss primitive

Significance Women

y: myth many twenty happy dictionary bicycle dizzy

e: decide delicious

ui: build guild

u: busy

a: village damage language average

3) [e]舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。嘴不要张太大，上下齿间隔离宁可偏小。

字母组合：ea e a ai ay ie u

ea：head bread pleasure

e: elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes egg else

a: many any

ai: said

ay: says

ie: friend

u: bury

4) [] 嘴要翻开、张大，而且尽量放宽，刚初步操练时可以夸大一点。

字母组合： a

a: bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man angry apple animal

2、中元音

5) [ ] 嘴巴稍张，嘴形比[a:]小，发音听起来时刻短、迷糊。

字母组合： u o ou oo oe

u: up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

o: come mother brother love above

ou: trouble rough enough cousin courage country

oo: blood flood

oe: does

6) [:] 舌侧触及牙齿，舌的中心部位向下接近下颚。舌片及舌尖曲折使得尾音r化，是由口腔宣告来的。

字母组合： ir ur ear er or our

ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

ur: turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

ear: learn earn earth heard pearl

er: term her nerd serve concern alert

or: work worm world worst

our: journal courtesy adjourn scourge journey

7) [] 由喉咙宣告，非常时刻短。

字母组合： er or o a e u ur ar re ure ou our ah

er: teacher leader remember player speaker farmer government yesterday advertising

or: doctor actor major author tractor information error

o: tomorrow today lesson control polite obey

a: around account ago elephant banana Japan China company pizza villa umbrella

e: men listen children

u: upon

ur: Saturday surprise

ar: forward dollar similar grammar

re: centre theatre

ure: pressure culture

ou: jealous serious famous nervous dangerous

our: colour favour honour labour humour

ah: hookah loofah savannah

3、后元音

8) [u:] 要将舌根抬起并绷紧，舌尖脱离下齿。嘴唇呈圆形，双唇收圆，稍向前杰出。

字母组合： oo o u ou ui ew oe

oo: food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth zoo too

o: lose move tomb prove

u: true truth blue full prude June rule solution include tutu

ou: group soup coupon souvenir wound

ui: fruit juice cruise suit recruit

ew: blew drew screw Jew chew grew

oe: shoe

9) [u] 舌位比发长音的[U:]低，舌头放松，嘴唇略圆。

字母组合： oo ou u o

oo: look good foot book wood cookie

ou: should could would

u: put full bull pull push sugar fulfill

o: woman wolf bosom

10) [: ] 双唇要收得更圆要小，并须用力向前杰出。这个音是由嘴巴宣告来的。

字母组合： al or au our ar oar aw

al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk also always although

or: short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

au: author caught autumn audio

our: four mourn court source

ar: warm quarrel quarter ward reward

oar: aboard coarse board

aw: draw law saw straw

11) [] 经过喉咙宣告。

字母组合： o a au

o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not on

a: want wash watch quality swap was yacht

au: because cauliflower sausage

12) [a:] 是个长音，发音时，舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全翻开，但不成圆形。这是音标中所需口型最大的开音节。发音是中止稍长。

字母组合： ar a al

ar: car farm card arm garden bar star far

a: class last glass plant aunt ask spa

al: half palm behalf calm calve

（二）双元音

1、开合双元音

13) [ei] 发音进程中下颚向上合拢，舌位也随之稍稍抬高。

字母组合： a ay ea ai ey eigh ei

a: name cake late gate plane April able case

ay: play say may way bay

ea: great break

ai: rain paint plain aid aim tail wait

ey: they grey obey convey

eigh: eighty, eight, eighth

ei: veil vein surveillance

14) [ai]

字母组合： i y igh ei ui ie

i: bike fine find die nine light night high ice pi

y: my try fly eye style spy dry bye

igh: fight light right sight high sigh

ei: neither Alzheimer

ui: guise guide disguise

ie: pie tie die lie magpie

15) []

字母组合：oy oi

oy: boy toy joy loyal

oi: oil soil voice choice toilet

16) []

字母组合： o ow oa oe ough

o: home cold go no phone host ghost old almost piano

ow: know low below grow blow show flow throw

oa: boat coat goal oak road

oe: toe doe

ough: although though

17) [au]

字母组合： ou ow

ou: house out ground account count sound loud around mouse ow: flower down now cow how town

2、 会集双元音

18) []

字母组合： eer ear ea ere ier ir

eer: beer deer

ear: ear near

ea: idea

ere: here cashmere sphere

ier: fierce tier cashier frontier

ir: souvenir

19) [e]

字母组合：ear air aire ere are aer ar

ear: pear bear wear

air: chair air fair dairy

aire: questionnaire billionaire laissez-faire millionaire

ere: there where premiere

are: care rare scare

aer: aerobics aeroplane aerate

ar: parent various wary

20) []

字母组合：our ur ure oor

our: hour tour gourmet

ur:　jury rural

ure: insure sure assure

oor: poor boor moor

三、辅　音　

1、 爆破音

[p]与[b]、[t]与[d]、[k]与[g]

(1)[p]与[b]

发[p]音时，双唇紧锁，在口腔积气，然后快速张口，经过气味宣告这个音。

发[b]音时，口形与[p]音相同，只不过这个音是经过口腔宣告来的。

These are some books and pens on the desk.

Please wait a bit.

(2)[t]与[d]

[t]音是由舌头与上牙齿相撞，经过气味宣告声响。

[d]音的口形与[t]音相同，只不过[d]是由口腔宣告来的。

The dog runs very fast.

I have much work to do.

(3)[k]与[g]

发[k]音时，将舌头对等于上下齿之间，不要触摸上下颚，也不要碰到牙齿，经过气味宣告声响。

[g]音的口形与[k]音相同，只不过[g]是由口腔宣告来的。

He is a good cook.

They walk slowly toward the gate.

2、 冲突音

[f]与[v]、[s]与[z]、[]与[]、[θ]与[]、[h]

[f]与[v]

发[f]音时，用上牙齿触摸下唇，经过气味宣告声响。

[v]音的口形与[f]音相同，只不过[v]是由口腔宣告来的。

It’s a very sharp knife.

I’d invite you to visit, but I have a fever.

[s]与[z]

[s]和[z]都是平舌音，发[s]音时，用舌头触摸下齿齿龈，经过气味宣告声响。[z]音的口形与[s]音相同，不一样的是，[z]音是经过口腔宣告的。

[]与[]

发这两个音时，要把嘴噘成方形。发[]音时，在噘嘴、上下齿稍稍翻开的条件下，只需吹气就可以宣告这个音了。请留心，舌头构成不要触摸上下齿或许上下颚。

[]音的口形与[]音相同，只不过[]音是经过口腔宣告来的。

It’s a pleasure to share your past experiences.

What measure would you take to handle this situation?

[θ]与[]

发[θ]与[]这两个音时，最要害的是要把舌头稍稍伸出，并用上下齿轻咬舌头，然后发音。它们的差异是，操练这两个音时，学习者可以夸大一点，长长地伸出舌头，并用上下齿咬住舌头，试着发这两个音。

Tom always[z] goes[z] to school by bus.

Something is better than nothing.

A mouse has[z] a mouth.

[h]

发[h]音时，只需略微翻开嘴巴，经过气味向外呵气，就可以宣告来了。

3、 破擦音

[t]和[d]

发这两个音时，嘴巴稍张，并往两端拉，而不是往外翻，就是它们与[tr]和[dr]之间的差异。

John urges Jane to buy a digital watch.

They reach the village in the end.

[tr]与[dr]

发这两个音时，嘴巴稍张，嘴唇向外翻，舌尖抵上齿龈后部，然后发音

I had a strange dream in the train.

He prefers strong drinks.

[ts]与[dz]

发[ts]音时，嘴巴稍张，用舌头抵住下牙齿齿根

发[dz]音的口形与[ts]音相同

These students are my friends.

There are lots of odds and ends in the huts.

4、 鼻音

[m]、[n]与[]

这三个音都是鼻音，初专家常常发不好。因而，要特别留心它们的发音办法。

发[m]音时，双唇天然合闭，经过鼻前部发音。

[n]有两种发音，一种是迷糊音，一种是清楚音。发迷糊音时，口微张，用鼻子宣告“嗯”的音，这个音的发音办法与汉语中的前鼻音类似。发清楚音时，嘴巴稍张，舌尖用力抵住下牙齿齿要，然后发音。

发[]音时，双唇合闭，经过鼻子后部宣告“嗯”的声响，发音办法与汉语中的后鼻音类似。

Jim makes noises in my room.

Your singing and dancing are charming.

5、 舌侧音

[l]与[r]

发[l]音时，将舌头放到上牙龈上，再向下轻拨，发音。

发[r]音时，口略微翻开，舌前部上卷（但不能碰到口腔的上部），舌后部放松，然后发音。留心，发这个音时，必定要卷舌。

Please read after the leader.

They live in a house near the river.

Look at the light on your right.

6、 半元音

[w]

发[w]音的口形与[h]音稍有不一样，要嘴巴稍张，双唇向外翻，然后用口腔宣告声响。

What a nice hat!

There is a hole in the wall.

[j]

发[j]这个音时，嘴巴稍张，宣告汉字“也”的声响。