原标题：高一英语月考常识点全汇总，从速保藏备考！
开学现已邻近了，月考即将到来！今日，修改跟我们共享大学英语必修1常识点总结（人教版），助力我们月考获得好成果！
Unit1 Friendship
一、要点短语
1.go through 阅历，饱尝
get through 经过；结束；接通电话
2. set down 记下，放下
3. a series of 一系列
4. not…until 直到…才
5. in order to 为了
6. at dusk 傍晚，傍晚时刻
7. face to face 面临面
8. fall in love 爱上
9. join in 参加（某个活动）；
take part in 参加（活动）
join 参加（组织，团队，并变成其间一员）
10. calm down 镇定下来
11. suffer from 遭受
12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌烦
13. be concerned about 关怀
14. be good at/do well in 擅长于…
15. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
16. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
17. too much 太多（后接不可以数n.）
much too 太…(后接adj.)
18. not…until 直到…才
19. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心
20. make sb. sth. 使或人变成…
make sb. do sth. 使或人做某事
二、语法—-直接引语和直接引语
概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
直接引语：用自个的话转述别人的话。直接引语在大都情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr. Black said that he was busy.
改变规则
（一）陈述句的改变规则
直接引语假定是陈述句，变为直接引语时，用连词that（可省掉）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时刻状语、地址状语都要发生相应的改变。
人称的改变——人称的改变首要是要了解语句的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”
→ He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的改变
|
直接引语 |
直接引语 |
|
一般如今时 |
一般曩昔时 |
|
如今进行时 |
曩昔进行时 |
|
如今结束时 |
曩昔结束时 |
|
一般曩昔时 |
曩昔结束时 |
|
一般将来时 |
曩昔将来时 |
|
曩昔结束时 |
曩昔结束时 |
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲留心：假定直接引语是客观真理，变为直接引语时，时态不变，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时刻状语、地址状语和动词的改变
|
直接引语 |
直接引语 |
|
this |
that |
|
these |
those |
|
now |
then |
|
ago |
before/earlier |
|
today |
that day |
|
yesterday |
the day before |
|
tomorrow |
the next/following day |
|
the day after tomorrow |
In two day’s time |
|
come |
go |
|
here |
there |
|
the day before yesterday |
two days before/earlier |
(二) 祈使句的改变规则
假定直接引语是祈使句，变为直接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据语句意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，假定祈使句是不是定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
（三）疑问句的改变规则
假定直接引语是疑问句，变为直接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。
一般疑问句：假定直接引语是一般疑问句，变为直接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特别疑问句：假定直接引语是特别疑问句，变为直接引语时，仍用正本的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
Unit2 English around the world
一、要点短语
1. be different from 与…不一样
be the same as 与…相同
2.each other彼此，彼此
3. official language 官方言语
4. at the end of 在…结束时
5. because of 因为（后接名词或名词
性短语）
because 因为（后接语句）
6. native speakers 说母语的人
7. be based on根据，根据
8. at present 当前；当今
9. especially 特别，特别
specially 专门地
10. make use of 使用…
make the best of 充分使用…
11. a large number of 许多的，许多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）
the number of …的数量（作主语，谓语动词用奇数）
12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 实际上
13. believe it or not 信不信由你
14. there is no such thing as…没有这样的事…
15. be expected to …被等待做某事
16. play a part/role in …在…起作用
17. make lists of…列清单
18. included 包括（前面接包括的目标）
Including包括（后接包括的目标）
19. command sb. to do sth. 指令或人去做某事
command + that 从句（从句用should+V原）
20. request sb. to do sth. 需求或人做某事
request + that 从句(从句用should+V原)
二、语法—-英语中的指令（command）口气和恳求(request)口气
指令口气：标明直接指令或人做某事，口气比照重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级
例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.
2. Open the window!
恳求口气：标明恳求或人做某事，口气比照陡峭，非常礼貌
例：1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.
2. Would you please open the window?
Unit3 Travel journal
一、要点短语
1. travel—-泛指旅行
journey—-指长时刻长间隔的陆上旅行
voyage—-指长间隔的水上旅行，也可
以指乘飞机旅行
trip—-常指短时刻短间隔的旅行
tour—-指周游，巡回旅行，
2. prefer to 愈加喜爱，甘愿
prefer A to B 比起B，更喜爱A
prefer doing to doing 比起做…，甘愿做…
prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如…
3. flow through 流过，流经
4. ever since 自从
5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服或人做某事
6. be fond of 喜爱
7. insist on坚持做某事
insist + that 从句（用should+ V原）
8. care about 关怀
9. change sb’s mind 改动主意
10. altitude高度
attitude 情绪，观点
11. make up one’s mind to do下定决计做某事
= decide to do = make a decision to do
12. give in 让步，屈从
give up 扔掉
13. be surprised to …对…感到惊奇
14. at last = finally = in the end 究竟
15. stop to do 停下往来不断做某事
stop doing 中止做某事
16. as usual 像往常相同
17.so…that如此…致使于…
So + adj + a/an + n. + that
Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that
18. be familiar with 对…了解（人作主语）
be familiar to 为…所了解（物作主语）
二、语法:如今进行时表将来
如今进行时表将来，标明迩来按方案或组织要进行的动作，常见的如今进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.
例：1. I’m coming. 我就来
2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做啥？
3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我传闻你将沿湄公河旅行
4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/
Unit4 Earthquakes
一、要点短语
1. right away 马上，马上
2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入眠）
sleep 睡；睡觉
sleepy 犯困的
3. it seems that/ as if …看来如同…；如同
4. in ruins 变成废墟
5. the number of …的数量（谓语动词用奇数）
a number of 许多（谓语动词用复数）
6. rescue workers 抢救人员
Come to one’s rescue 抢救或人
7. be trapped 被困
8. how long 多长时刻
how often多久，指平率
how soon 还要多久（用于将来时傍边，用in+时刻段答复）
9. hundreds of thousands of 不计其数的
10. dig out 挖出
11. shake—-泛指“不坚决，颤动”,常指支配、上下不坚决，也可以指人“震动，颤抖”
例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him.
2. She was shaken with anger.
quake—- 指较激烈的颤动，如地震
例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.
Shiver—- 多指严寒致使的颤抖、颤抖
例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.
12. rise (rose—risen)—- vi, 上升；升起， 无被逼语态；give rise to 致使
Raise（raised—raised）—- vt, 举起；筹措；抚育
Arise ( arose—arisen)—-vt, 呈现（常指疑问或表象）
13. injure—- 常指因意外事端构成的损害，也可以指豪情上名誉上的损伤
例：He was injured in a car accident.
harm—- 泛指?鹕耍鸷Α保瓤梢灾赣猩模部梢灾肝奚?/span>
例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.
2. His business was harmed for some reason.
hurt—- 既可以指肉体上的损伤，也可以指精力上的损伤
例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell.
2. He felt hurt at your word.
wound—- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤
例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.
14. be prepared for …= make preparations for…为…做预备
15. in one’s honor 向…标明敬意；为留念
Be/ feel honored to do …做…感到很侥幸
16. make /give/ deliver a speech 讲话
opening speech 开幕词
17. give/ provide shelter to …向…供给保护所
seek shelter from…躲避
18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭受，发生
happen to do sth. 偶尔；可巧
happen —-指偶尔发生
take place—-指事前方案好的作业发生
二、语法—-定语从句
概念：在复合句中，润饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分：先行词，即被定语从句润饰的名词或代词；联络代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,一切格为whose)；或许联络副词where，when，why等。联络代词或联络副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着联接主从句的作用。
1. 联络代词that的用法
联络代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语
例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)
2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语)
3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主语)
4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作宾语)
2. 联络代词which的用法
联络代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语
例：1）They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语)
2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)
3. 联络代词who，whom的用法
联络代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中别离作主语和宾语
例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)
2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、
4. 联络代词whose在的用法
联络代词whose为联络代词who的一切格方法，其先行词既可所以人也可所以物，whose和它所润饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。
例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语)
2） The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语)
3）He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物，作宾语)
5. 联络副词when的用法
联络副词when在定语从句中作时刻状语
例：1) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?
6. 联络副词where在定语从句中的用法
联络副词where在定语从句中做地址状语
例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.
2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. 联络副词why在定语从句中的用法
联络副词why在定语从句中作缘由状语
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.
2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.
Unit5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
一、要点词汇
1. selfish 自私的
selfless 忘我的
2. devote to…尽力于；牺牲于
3. fight against 敌对，对立
fight for 为…而战
4. principle 原则
principal 校长；首要的
5. offer guidance to …给…供给辅导
6. out of work 赋闲
7. join 参加（组织，沙龙，变成其间一员）
join in 参加（活动）
take part in 参加（活动）
8. as + adj. +as possible尽可以…
9. as a matter of fact 实际上（=in fact）
10. blow up 爆破，炸掉
11. set up 树立 ; set about 着手，初步做（ set about doing sth.）
set off 启航，启航 ; set out 初步，启航（set out to do sth.）
12. be sentenced to 被判…
13. be equal to 与…相等；担任
14. be proud of 为…感到骄傲
15. give out 分发 （give off 宣告出（气味））
16. die for 为…而死
die of 死于（本身缘由，如疾病）
die from 死于（外在缘由，如事端）
17. realize one’s dream of … 完成..的愿望
18.Only位于句首时，要主谓倒装
例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.
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