以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元音字母就有几个音节。

2. 音节的划分

① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter

② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅音字母属于重读音节。

例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther

短音 sev-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er

3. 重读音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4. 开音节

① 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。

例如：no，blue，ba-by，stu-dent，se-cret

② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name，these，bike，home，excuse

5. 闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅音字母（r、w、y 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。

例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup

6. 双音节词重读规则

① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：stu-dent，Chi-na，sec-ond，au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cuse，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor

7. 多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：el-e-phant

词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion

英语单词拼读规则

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

在开音节中

[ei]

name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中

[]

bag dad hat map black back

e

在开音节中

[i:]

he these me Chinese

在闭音节中

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg

i

在开音节中

[ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中

[i]

fish big drink sit milk swim

o

在开音节中

[u]

those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中

[]

clock not box shop sock

u

在开音节中

[ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中

[ ]

bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a

[]

China another woman breakfast

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[]

second tonight somebody welcome

[u]

also zero photo

u

[]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[]音可以读作[i]音。

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

读 音

例 词

a在[w]音后面

[]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[u]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[]

come monkey love mother

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

ar
ar在[w]音后面

[α:]

car farm dark sharpener

[:]

warm quarter towards

or
or在[w]音后面

[:]

forty morning short

[:]

word worker worse

er ir ur

[:]

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

are

[ε]

care dare hare

ere

[i]

here mere

ire

[ai]

fire hire wire

ore

[:]

more score before

ure

[ju]

pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[t]音或[]，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。
例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：orange very American paragraph

6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音

例 词

ai/ay

[ei]

afraid rain wait day play

air

[ε]

air hair chair pair repair

al

al在f m前

[:l]

small ball talk wall all

[:l]

always also salt almost

[α:]

half calm

au/aw

[:]

autumn daughter draw

ea

[i:]

teach easy cheap please

[e]

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

ear

[i]

hear dear near clear year

[ε]

bear pear wear swear

[:]

earth learn early

ee

[i:]

jeep week green three

eer

[i]

pioneer deer beer

ei/ey

[ei]

eight neighbour they

[i:]

either key

eu/ew在
j l r s后

[ju:]

new few newspaper

[u:]

flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后

[i:]

piece field receive

oa

[u]

coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor

[:]

roar board door floor

oi/oy

[i]

noise point boy toilet

oo

[u:]

broom food tooth school

[u]

book look cook foot good

ou/ow

[au]

flower house count down

[u]

know row throw though

[]

young country enough

[u:]

group you soup

our

[:]

course your four

[au]

our hour ours

[:]

journey

ui
在j l r s后

[ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition suit

[u:]

juice fruit

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

读 音

例 词

ai/ay ei/ey

[i]

Sunday foreign monkey

ow

[u]

yellow sparrow tomorrow

-sion -tion

[n]

impression nation

-sion在元音字母后

[n]

vision decision occasion

-tion在s后

[tn]

question suggestion

-sten

[sn]

listen

-stle

[sl]

whistle

-sure

[]

pleasure measure

-ture

[t]

picture culture

8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[ei]
handbag[]
blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[:] 碗柜

9、辅字组的读音

辅字组

读 音

例 词

b

[b]

bike bus bag

[/]

bomb tomb

c
c在e前或在i/y前

[k]

cake picture coat

music

[s]

face decide cinema

ch

[t]

much chick rich teacher

[k]

school headache chemistry

[]

machine Chicago

-ck

[k]

cock pocket black knock

d

[d]

doctor bread hand day

-dge

[d]

bridge fridge

dr-

[dr]

children driver drink

f

[f]

five four breakfast

g
g在e i/y前

[g]

bag gardon go

[d]

orange large German

gh

[f]

cough enough photo

[/]

light daughter high

gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中

[g]

guess league dialogue

[gw]

language anguish

h

[h]

hot head house hand

[/]

hour honest

j

[d]

jeep jar joke join July

k

[k]

kind bike skate make week

kn-

[n]

knife know knock

l

[l]

life milk school tall

m

[m]

monkey come autumn

-mn

[m]

autumn column solemn

n
n在[k] [g]音前

[n]

not shine ten note

[]

uncle thank hungry

-ng

[n]

morning young wrong

p

[p]

paper plane pig ship pen

ph

[f]

elephant photo

telephone

q

[k]

Iraq

qu-

[kw]

quality quite

r

[r]

red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前

[s]

sit sleep desk

[z]

music husband

sc-

[sk]

scar

[s]

muscle science

sh

[]

she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前

[t]

ten letter meet

[]

patient nation

tch

[t]

watch

th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中

[θ]

thin thirty method

[]

the these with than

[]

clothe father weather

tr-

[tr]

tree train country truck

v

[v]

very voice love leave

w

[w]

week win wake sweet wait

[/]

answer two

wh-
wh-在字母o前

[w]

what when white why

[h]

who whose whole

x
在重读元音前

[ks]

box text exercise

[gz]

examle exist exact

wr-

[r]

write

y-

[j]

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