大学英语语法温习；非谓语动词 动名词详解
动名词
1）动名词与不定式的差异：
动名词表达的是： 状况，性质，心境，笼统，常常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 意图，成果，缘由，具体，一次性，将发生的
2）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义根柢相同。
3）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义截然不一样。
特别词精讲
1. stop doing/to do
stop to do 中止，中止做某过后去做另一件事，stop doing 中止做某事。例如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我有必要戒烟了。
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路旁边的大石头上歇息。因而，应选择”stop to do sth. 停下往来不断做另一件事\”。而不只是是爬山动作的中止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
2. forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘掉要去做某事，forget doing 忘掉做过某事。例如：
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 单位的灯还在亮着，他忘掉关了。（没有做关灯的动作）
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘掉他现已关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
—- The light in the office is still on. —- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因而用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth标明灯现已关上了，而忘掉了这一实际。此处不契合题意。
3. remember doing/to do
remember to do 记住去做某事，remember doing 记住做过某事。
例如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记取放学后去趟邮局。
Don’t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记住早年见过那自个吗?
4. regret doing/to do
regret to do 对即将做的事怅惘，
regret doing 对做过的事怅惘、后悔。例如：
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很怅惘有必要这样去做，我真实没有办法。
I don\’t regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的主意然后悔。
—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到怅惘。regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到怅惘。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因而选D。
5. cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时刻，甚至永久停做某事，
cease doing 短时中止做某事，今后还会接着做。例如：
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
姑娘们在教师走过期，停了商洽天。
6. try doing/to do
try to do 尽力，试图做某事，try doing 实验，试着做某事。例如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加留心。
I tried gardening but didn’t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
7. go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件过后，接着做另一件事，
go on doing 持续做正本做的事。例如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个操练后，接着做其他的操练
8. be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，惧怕去做某事，是片面上的缘由不去做，意为”怕”，
be afraid of doing 忧虑呈现doing的情况、成果。doing 是客观上构成的，意为”生怕，恐怕”。例如：
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
9. be interested doing/to do
be interested to do 对做某事感快乐喜爱，想晓得某事，
be interested in doing 对某种主意感快乐喜爱，doing 一般为主意。
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想晓得发生了啥事。（想晓得）
I’m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士作业感快乐喜爱。你想过这事吗? （一种主意
10. mean to doing/to do
mean to do 方案、想，
mean doing 意味着。例如：
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，可是我父亲不愿让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 添加薪酬意味着添加收购才能。
11. begin（start） doing/to do
1） 谈及一项长时刻活动或初步一种习气时，运用doing。例如：
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时初步弹钢琴？
2） begin, start用进行不时，后边动词用不定式to do。例如：
I was beginning to get angry。我初步生起气来。
3） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：
I begin to understand the truth。我初步理解底细。
4） 事物作主语时。例如：
The snow began to melt.雪初步融化了
12. 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do
标明动作的无缺性，+doing 标明动作的进行性。例如：
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨日我看见他在花园里干活了。（偏重”我看见了”这个实际）
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（偏重”我见他正干活”这个动作）昨日我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew
C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因而偏重的是生长的进程，而非正在长的动作，因而用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题偏重其动作，正在河滨玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
1. 动名词作主语
1） 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：
Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.
用右手握手是许多国家的一种风俗。
2） 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 + doing”规划中作主语，it为方法主语。例如：
It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.写信给他不当，他历来不回信。
It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.
诉苦是没有用的，公司是不会管的。
3） 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等描述词 + doing”规划中作主语。例如：It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is useless speaking.光说是没有用的。
4） 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”规划中作主语。例如：
There is no denying that she is very efficient.她功率高是不容否定的。
There is no telling what he is going to do.他要做啥一点消息都没有。
2. 动名词作宾语
1） 有些动词后边需求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：
admit 招认 ； excuse 宽恕 ； postpone 推迟 ；
anticipate 期望； fancy 愿望 practise 操练；
appreciate 赏识； finish 结束； prevent 避免；
avoid 避免；forbid 阻止； propose 主张；
consider 思考； forgive 宽恕； recollect 回想；
delay 耽搁； imagine 愿望； resent 厌烦； deny 否定；
involve 触及；resist 反抗； detest 厌烦； keep 保存；
risk 冒险； dislike 厌烦； mind 介意；save 抢救；
dread 惧怕； miss 错失； suggest 主张； enjoy 喜爱；
pardon 宽恕；understand 了解； escape 躲避；permit 答应
I recommend buying the dictionary.我主张买这本词典。
I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.我估量不会遇就任何对立定见。
Will you admit having broken the window?你招认不招认打破了窗户？
2） 有些动词短语后也需求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：
can’t stand 忍不住； can’t help 忍不住； feel like 想，欲；give up 扔掉； put off 推迟
He put off making a decision till he had more information.
在获得概况之前，他没有急于作出抉择。
Do you feel like taking a walk?
你要不要去漫步？
3） 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
We are looking forward to coming to China.咱们等待着来我国。
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.咱们总算战胜了一切的困难。
4） 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词； be busy (in) + 动名词；waste time (in) + 动名词；lost time (in) + 动名词；There is no point (in) + 动名词”等规划中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。例如：
The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。
There 
is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.
再做一次这种简略的实验是毫无意义的。
5） 在复合宾语中，用it作方法宾语，将动名词短语放在后边。
I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.我认为争辩这事是很浪费时刻的。
6） 在“there be”规划傍边，be为动名词时，该规划也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词方法。例如：
We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.咱们可以愿望到我们对此大惊小怪。
Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?你对没有更多的礼物感到绝望吗？
3. 动名词的被逼式
1） 动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动方法标明被逼意义。其用法恰当于不定式的被逼规划。例如：
The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)这块表需要修补。
The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)
这个疑问值得思考。
2） 在（be）worth后边只能用动名词的主动态来标明被逼意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考
虑。