原标题:最全英语语法300句,顺溜的口诀几乎太好记了!(二)
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英语口语听力精选·吉米教师说
你觉得语法重要吗?实际上语法正是学英语最快的捷径。吉米教师一共预备了300个语法公式,从易到难,让我们把语法补起来。今日是第101-200个,记住保藏哦!
英文·英语公式
来历:星火英语(ID:ispark8)
版权归原作者一切
背完这300句,你的英语语法差不多了! (一)
今日给我们第101-200个语法公式
公式101
先行词+介词+联络代词+定语从句
● The house in which I used to live has becomea garden.我曩昔住的房子现已变成了一个花园。
公式102
先行词,+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句非捆绑性
定语从句用逗号与主句分隔,that不能引导非捆绑性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。
● Between the two parts of the concert is aninterval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.音乐会的两有些中心有间歇,这时分,观众可以去买冰激凌。
公式103
(先行词,+)as引导的定语从句
● He made a long speech, as we expected.正如咱们所意料的相同,他的讲演很长。
公式104
时刻状语从句: 主句+when/while/as引导的时刻状语从句
when/while/as意为“当……时分”。
● Mary made coffee while her guests werefinishing their meal.客我们快吃完饭的时分,玛丽煮了咖啡。
公式105
时刻状语从句: 主句+as soonas/directly/immediately等引导的时刻状语从句
引导词意为“一……就……”。
● I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一见到她,就认出了她。
公式106
时刻状语从句: 主句+before/after引导的时刻状语从句
● I went to bed after I finished my homework.做竣作业后,我就上床睡觉了。
公式107
时刻状语从句: 主句+since引导的时刻状语从句
● Mary has been in Shanghai since she left Beijing.玛丽自从脱离北京后就一向在上海。
公式108
时刻状语从句: 主句+till/until引导的时刻状语从句
● I will stay here until you come back.我会一向待在这儿直到你回来。
公式109
缘由状语从句:主句+because/as/since引导的缘由状语从句
● As all the seats were full, he had to standup.因为一切的位子都满了,他只好站着。
because, since, as的差异
公式110
地址状语从句:主句+where/wherever引导的地址状语从句
● You cango wherever you like these days.这些天你可以去你想去的当地。
公式111
让步状语从句:疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句
● To show our respect, we usually have to takeour gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.为了标明咱们的尊敬,不管要跟谁握手,咱们一般都要摘掉手套。
公式112
引导让步状语从句时,疑问词-ever可与“no matter+疑问词”交换。
● Wherever/No matter where you go, I will bewith you.不管你去哪儿,我都和你一同。
公式113
让步状语从句:主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/even if引导的让步状语从句
● Tim is in good shape physically even thoughhe doesn’t get much exercise.即便不做太多训练,蒂姆仍是坚持了极好的体形。
公式114
条件状语从句:主句+if/unless/aslong as引导的条件状语从句
● Let’s go out for awalk unless you are too tired.假定你不是太累的话,咱们出去散一会步吧。
公式115
条件状语从句:主句+so/such…+that+成果状语从句
● He worked so hard that he got ill.他作业那么尽力,成果病倒了。
公式116
意图状语从句:主句+so that/inorder that/in case引导的意图状语从句
● I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up withme.为了能让你赶上我,我会逐渐跑。
公式117
比照状语从句:主句+than引导的比照状语从句
● The weather was worse than I had expected.气候比我意料的还要糟。
公式118
比照状语从句:主句+as引导的比照状语从句
● French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就像对英语相同了解。
公式119
方法状语从句:主句+as引导的方法状语从句
as if/as though引导的方法状语从句
● You ought to do as Paul tells you.你大约依照保罗叮咛你的去做。
公式120
当as if引导的方法状语从句标明与实际相反的情况时,从句常用虚拟口气。
● She closed her
eyes as though she was verytired.她闭上了双眼,如同是很累了。
公式121
虚拟口气在状语从句中的用法:
If…did/were…, 主语+would/should/could/mightdo…标明与如今实际相反的假定。
从句用一般曩昔时,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
● If you were the manager, we would not be sotired.假定你是司理,咱们就不会这么累了。
公式122
If…had done…,主语+would/should/could/mighthave done…标明与曩昔实际相反的假定。
从句用曩昔结束时,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+曩昔分词”。
● If we had taken the other road, we might havearrived here in time for the meeting.假定咱们走了另一条路的话,或许就能及时赶到这儿开会了。(陕西)
公式123
If…did/were todo/should do…,主语+would/should/could/might do…标明与将来实际相反的假定。
从句谓语动词用曩昔式、“should+动词原形”或“wereto+动词原形”,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
● If it were fine tomorrow, I would goshopping.假定明每气候好,我就去购物。
公式124
If…had done…, 主语+would do…
● If he had set out earlier, he would be homenow.假定他早点启航的话,他如今就现已到家了。
公式125
If…should do…, 主语+would have done…
● If she shouldleave, I would have heard about it.假定她要走,我早就大约传闻了。
公式126
Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语
主句if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中富含should, were, had时,可将if省掉,而将should, were, had提前,构成倒装。、
● Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.假定我是你,我就去。
公式127
With/Without/Butfor+名词,主语+虚拟口气方法的谓语…
语句的虚拟条件是经过词或短语如with, without, otherwise, but for等来标明的。
● Without the greenhouse effect, the earthwould be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.假定没有温室效应,地球的温度将比如今的温度低大约33摄氏度。
公式128
主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done…as if引导的从句
常用虚拟口气,用一般曩昔时标明与如今实际相反的情况;用曩昔结束时标明与曩昔实际相反的情况。
● She acted as if she had been the hostessyesterday.她昨日体现得就如同她是女主人似的。
公式129
主句+so that+(从句)主语+should/could/might do…
so that意为“为了”,它引导的从句标明意图。
● He took a taxi to the station so that heshould not miss the train.为了不错失火车,他乘租借车去火车站。
公式130
主句+lest+从句(主语+(should) do…)
lest意为“只怕”,它引导的从句标明意图。
● They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard.他们低声说话,只怕被别人听见。
公式131
…wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do…
wish后的宾语从句用一般曩昔时标明与如今实际相反;用曩昔结束时标明与曩昔实际相反;用曩昔将来时标明与将来实际相反。
● I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我期望北京全年都是秋天。
公式132
…suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should)do…
● I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我主张咱们马上启航。
公式133
…would rather+主语+did/had done...
would rather后的从句用一般曩昔时标明与如今或将来实际相反,用曩昔结束时标明与曩昔实际相反。
● I would rather you hadn’t told him.我甘愿你没有告诉他。
公式134
It is+描述词/名词/曩昔分词+that+主语+(should)do…
● It is strange that the girl (should) be sorude.那个女孩那么无礼,这真新鲜。
公式135
…suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should)do…
在标明“主张”、“指令”、“需求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句顶用虚拟口气。
● My suggestion is that we (should) get startedsoon.我的主张是咱们大约从速启航。
公式136
It is (high/about)time that+主语+did/should do…
● It is high time that you went to school.早就到了你该去上学的时刻了。
公式137
if only+主语+did/had done…
用一般曩昔时标明与如今或将来实际相反,用曩昔结束时标明与曩昔实际相反。
● If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次机缘就好了。
公式138
不可以数名词/奇数可数名词+奇数谓语
● Still water runs deep.静水流深。
公式139
动名词/不定式/主语从句+奇数谓语
● Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的双眼有优点。
公式140
时刻/间隔/价值/分量等+奇数谓语
标明时刻、间隔、分量等的复数名词常作为一个全体看待,作主语时谓语动词需用奇数。
● A thousand miles is a very long distance.1,000英里是一段很长的间隔。
公式141
more than one/many a(n)+奇数名词+奇数谓语
a(n)+奇数名词+and a half+奇数谓语意为“不止一个……/许多……”;“一个半……”。
● More than one person here is going to find a new job.这儿不止一自个预备找新作业。
公式142
the number of+复数名词+奇数谓语
● As you can see, the number of cars on ourroads keeps rising these days.正如你看到的那样,如今公路上轿车的数量一向在增加。(全国Ⅱ)
公式143
a number of+复数名词+复数谓语
● A number of willbe graduatesare voluntarily going to work in the West of China.许多即将结业的大学生方案自愿到我国西部作业。
公式144
each/every…(and each/every…)+奇数谓语
● Every person in my family has been given agift.咱们家每自个都得到了一份礼物。
公式145
some-, any-, every-,no-构成的复合舶代词+奇数谓语
● If anyone knows the truth of the accident,please tell the police.假定有人晓得事端的底细,请告诉差人。
公式146
冠词+名词+and+名词+奇数谓语
两个并排的名词 标明一自个或一种事物,此时第一个名词前用冠词,第二个名词前不必冠词。
● A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。
公式147
news/physics/maths/politics/theUnited States/James等+奇数谓语
这些名词尽管以-s结束,但归于专有名词或不可以数名词。
● The news concerns your younger brother.这消息与你弟弟有关。
公式148
one of+复数名词+奇数谓语
● One of my goodfriends has been abroad for eleven years.我的一个好兄弟现已在国外待了11年了。
公式149
复数主语+复数谓语
● All the students in our class arehardworking.咱们班一切的学生学习都很吃苦。
公式150
glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+复数谓语
主语是以成对方法呈现的名词,谓语动词用复数。
● My blue trousers have worn out.我的蓝裤子现已穿破了。
假定这类名词前用pair of等单位名词润饰,谓语动词的数要与单位名词的数坚持共同。
公式151
people/police/cattle等+复数谓语
people, police,cattle是只标明复数意义的集体名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
● Many people were present at the meeting.许多人到会了会议。
公式152
… and…/both…and…+复数谓语
意为“……和……都”,标明复数意义,谓语动词用复数。
● New York and Boston are American cities.纽约和波士顿都是美国的城市。
公式153
主语+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/as well as…+谓语
● The mother along with her two children goes to the park everyweekend.那位母亲和她的两个孩子每个周末都要去公园。
公式154
class/family/group/team等+奇数谓语/复数谓语
● The class is the best one in the grade.这个班是大学中最佳的。
● The whole class are listening to the teachercarefully.全班同学都在细心地听教师讲课。
该类集体名词作主语,偏重全体时,谓语动词用奇数;
当标明多个这样的全体时,也可以有自个的复数方法。偏重全体中的个别成员时,谓语动词用复数。
公式155
some/any/all/therest/分数/百分数等+of+奇数名词/不可以数名词+奇数谓语
● Some of the money was spent on clothes.一些钱花在了衣裳上。
公式156
some/any/all/therest/分数/百分数等+of+复数名词+复数谓语
● All of the people have gone.一切的人都走了。
公式157
one of+复数名词+联络代词+复数谓语
● Zhang Ning is one of the students who werepraised at the meeting.张宁是会议上受赞誉的学生之一。
公式158
only one of+复数名词+联络代词+奇数谓语
● He is the only one of players in our schoolwho has taken the first prize.他是咱们学校仅有一位获得一等奖的选手。
公式159
…or…/either…or…/neither…nor…/notonly…but (also)…+谓语动词
谓语动词的单复数方法取决于与之最接近的名词或代词。
● No food or water is allowed to be taken with.禁绝带食物和水。
公式160
There be…
be动词的单复数方法取决于与之最接近的名词或代词。
● There are four chairs and two tables in theroom.房间里有四把椅子和两张桌子。
公式161
There be必定句式: There (+助动词/神态动词)+be+主语…
be动词前可用神态动词,也可用助动词构成各种时态。
● There is a lot of meat on the plate.盘子里有许多肉。
● There will be more serious air pollution ifpeople use more and more cars.假定我们越来越多地运用轿车,那么空气污染将会愈加严峻。
公式162
There be否定句式:
There+助动词/神态动词+not+be
● There isn’t a telephone in the room.房间里没有电话。
公式163
There be否定句式:
There+be+not/no+主语…
● There will not be any football match thisweekend.这个周末没有任何足球竞赛。
公式164
There be的一般疑问句式:Be动词+there
● —Are there anymagazines on the shelf?书架上有杂志吗?
公式165
There be的一般疑问句式:助动词/神态动词+there+be(+any)+主语…?
● Has there been an accident?出过事端吗?
公式166
There be的特别疑问句式:特别疑问词(+名词)+be动词+there…?
● How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?
公式167
There be的特别疑问句式:特别疑问词(+名词)+助动词/神态动词+there+be…?
● What did there use to be?那里曩昔有啥?
公式168
There+stand/lie/live等+主语…
There be句式中的be动词可用动词stand,lie, live等替换。
● There stands a temple on the top of themountain.山顶上有一座庙。
公式169
There seems(seemed)/appears(appeared)to be+主语…
● There seems to be a lack of communication.看起来是短少交流。
公式170
偏重句:Itis/was…that/who…
被偏重有些是指人的名词时,用who或that皆可,其他情况皆用that。
● It was Jack and Mary that/who met with afunnylooking man yesterday.昨日是杰克和玛丽遇见了一个姿势诙谐可笑的男人。
公式171
偏重句的一般疑问句式:Is/Was it…that/who…?
● Is it your brother who works in that company?是你哥哥在那家公司作业吗?
公式172
偏重句的特别疑问句式:特别疑问词+is/wasit that…?
● Why was it that he cried yesterday?他昨日究竟为啥哭?
公式173
倒装: No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语…
标明否定意义的词置于句首时,语句用有些倒装。
● We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we thinkabout how they work.咱们听到笑话会笑,可是历来没想过笑话是怎样让咱们发笑的。
公式174
倒装:So…+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语…+that…
在so… that…句式中,so…有些置于句首时,主句用有些倒装。
● So fast does light travel that we can hardlyimagine its speed.光速很快,咱们几乎无法愿望它的速度。
公式175
倒装:Only+状语+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语…
only偏重状语置于句首时,语句/主句用有些倒装。
● Only if you eat the correct foods will you beable to keep fit and stay healthy.只需合理膳食才会坚持身体安康。
公式176
倒装:Not until…+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语…
时刻状语not until…置于句首时,语句/主句用有些倒装。
● Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the familywas for him.直到脱离家他才初步理解家庭关于他是多么重要。
公式177
倒装:Not only…+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语…but also...
not only…置于句首时,其地址的分句用有些倒装。
● Not only does he do well in his lessons, buthe often helps others with their lessons.他不但自个学习好,还常常协助别人学习。
公式178
倒装:Hardly had+主语…+when…
No sooner had+主语…+than….hardly,no sooner 置于句首时,hardly, no sooner地址的语句用有些倒装。
● Hardly had he uttered the words when shebegan laughing. 他刚一开口说话,她就笑了。
公式179
倒装:So/Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语
标明前面所说的情况也合适另外一者或一者也具有另外一种情况,意为“也(不)”。前面是不是定句时用neither/nor,前面是必定句时用so;动词的方法与前面的语句共同。
● Jane comes from Canada. So does Mary.简来自加拿大,玛丽也是。
公式180
倒装:up/down/away/infront of…+谓语动词+主语
● Up wentthe rocket.火箭升上了天。
公式181
倒装:分词短语+be动词+主语
● Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。
公式182
倒装:Here/There/Now+谓语动词+主语
● Here comes the bus!公共轿车来了!
公式183
省掉:I’dlike/love/be glad/be happy to
● —Would you like tojoin me for a quick lunch before class?你情愿课前与我一同吃顿简略的午饭吗?
—I’d like to, but Ipromised Nancy to go out with her.我情愿,可是我现已容许跟南希一同出去了。
公式184
if/when/while/unless/as+分词
● The flowers his friend gave him will dieunless watered every day.除非每天洒水,否则兄弟送他的花就会死掉。
公式185
as…aspossible/sb.can标明“尽可以……”。
● Please come as soon as possible you can.请尽量早来。
公式186
if necessary/possible/any/ever标明“假定有必要/可以/有/曾……”。
● —Have you got anyparticular plans for the coming holiday?对即将降临的假期你有特另外方案了吗?
—Yes, if possible, I’mgoing to visit some homes for the old in the city.是的,假定可以的话,我将去这个城市的几处晚年之家看看。
公式187
Why (not) do…?why (not)后一般跟动词原形,很少呈现主语或动作的实施者,富含较强的主张意味。
● Why not go and ask the teacher for help?为啥不去找教师协助?
● Why not relax and enjoy the fresh air?为啥不歇息一下,呼吸点新鲜空气呢?
公式188
主语+do/does/did
do替代谓语,有人称和时态的改变。
● John spoke German as fluently as Mary didwhen they studied in middle school.大学时,约翰的德语说得跟玛丽相同流利。
公式189
主语+do/does/did+so
该规划标明同一人所做的、前面刚说到过的同一动作,so指代刚说到过的主意、行为、质量、情况等。
● The teacher asked him to hand in hiscomposition at once and he did so.教师让他马上交上作文,他就这么做了。
公式190
主语+do/does/did+that/it 替代前面刚刚说到的动作,但动词do的主语与前面所说到的语句的主语不一样。
● —Do you know whobroke the window?你晓得是谁打破的窗户吗?
—I heard John did that.我传闻是约翰做的。
公式191
…that+直接引语
直接引语为陈述句时,直接引语应为that引导的宾语从句,引述动词首要有say,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
● He said to me, “I have left my bookin your room.”→He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间里了。
公式192
…if/whether+直接引语
直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时,直接引语应为if/whether引导的宾语从句,且倒装语序变为陈述语序。
● “Do you like Beckham?” she said tome.→She asked me if/whether I liked Beckham.她问我是不是喜爱贝克汉姆。
公式193
…whether…or+直接引语
直接引语为选择疑问句时,直接引语应为whether… or…引导的宾语从句,倒装语序变为陈述语序。
● I asked him, “Will you stay athome or go to school?”→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to school.我问他是待在家里仍是去上学。
公式194
...特别疑问词+直接引语
直接引语为特别疑问句时,直接引语应为由原疑问词引导的宾语从句,倒装语序变为陈述语序。
● He asked, “Where do you live?”→He asked mewhere I lived.他问我住在哪里。
公式195
…ask/tell/beg等+宾语+to do
直接引语为祈使句时,直接引语应为不定式短语,假定祈使句为否定式,还要在不定式前加not。
● The teacher said to the students, “Be quiet,please.”→The teacher asked the students to be quiet.教师要肄业生们坚持恬静。
公式196
…what/how/that+直接引语
直接引语为感叹句时,直接引语应为how, what, that等引导的宾语从句。
● She said, “What a lovely day itis!”→She said what a lovely day it was./She said that it was a lovelyday.她说气候极好。
公式197
“一随主”原则 该原则是指直接引语变直接引语时,直接引语中的第一人称代词要按引述动词的主语的人称改变。
● She said, “I saw him lastnight.”→She said she had seen him the night before.她说她前一天晚上看见过他。
公式198
“二随宾”原则 该原则是指直接引语变直接引语时,直接引语中的第二人称代词要按引述动词的宾语的人称改变。
● He said to Kate, “How is yoursister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.他问凯特她小妹那时怎么样了。
公式199
“第三人称不更新”原则 该原则是指直接引语变直接引语时,直接引语中的第三人称代词一般不需要改变。
● Mr Smith said, “Jack is a goodworkmate.”→Mr Smith said that Jack was a good workmate.史密斯先生说杰克是个不错的火伴。
公式200
主语+did+that+主语+did/had done…
引述动词用了曩昔时态,直接引语变为直接引语时,时态要相应地变为曩昔的某种时态。
● “I never get up before 8 a.m. on Sundays,” he said.→He said that he never got up before 8 a.m. onSundays.他说他星期天上午从未在8点之前起床。
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