2019年12月英语四级听力答案解析：听力篇章3

Passage 3

After tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it’s common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from? According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way, for example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride, because you haven’t ridden in a long time. Soreness occurs since your leg muscles aren’t used to that movement. When muscles perform an activity they aren’t regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart. As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn’t happen immediately. First, the body must realize the muscles are damaged. When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments. Healing can take place after this. It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles. That’s why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness. Repair of damaged cells takes about two days, and afterwards the soreness disappears. Unfortunately, there is little that can be down to relieve muscle soreness. Pain relieving creams don’t work, but a hot shower, or warm bath can provide some relief.

Questions 22-25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. What does the German professor say about muscle soreness?

23. What happens when muscles are damaged according to the passage?

24. How long does it take for damaged cells to heal?

25. What does the speaker suggest one do to relieve muscle soreness?

22. C, it happens when people engage in an uncommon activity

23. D, blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area

24. A, about two days

25. B, have a hot shower

　2019年12月英语四级阅读真题：试卷一选词填空

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual – had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented. 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.

Prior

to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with fl, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.

A) accurate B) conclusionC) directly D) either

E) evaluate F) explorations G) flightsH) largely

I) nearby J) respondK) slimL) spread

M) summitN) vividlyO) vulnerable

　2019年12月英语四级阅读真题：试卷一长篇阅读

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the

paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own

【点击查看参考答案】

A) Getting around a city is one thing — and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.

In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”

B) “The 18th century really was a

waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”

C) Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.

D) Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”

E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven–all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers — even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering (闪烁的)glass towers line the canal’s edge.

G) “What’s happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.

H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.

I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.”

But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies

J) Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.

36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.

38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.

41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.

42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.

43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.

44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.

45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.

　2019年12月英语四级翻译真题点评试卷一：家庭教育

【翻译原文】

中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。

【翻译译文】

Chinese families place a great premium on their children’s education. The majority of parents hold that they should work hard to ensure that their children can get a good education. Not only are they willing to invest in children’s education, but also they spend plenty of time urging them to learn. Meanwhile, most of them want their children to go to prestigious universities. Due to the reform and opening up, an increasingly number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate the international exchange programs to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they anticipate that their children can grow up healthily and make contributions to the development and prosperity of our nation.

【翻译解析】

词/词组翻译：

1. 十分重视 place great premium on; pay more attention to;attach great importance to

2. 努力工作 work hard; endeavor to work

3. 名牌大学 a prestigious university; a famous university

4. 改革开放 reform and opening up

5. 国际交流项目 international exchange programs

6. 拓宽视野 broaden one’s horizon

7. 国家的发展和繁荣 the development and prosperity of the nation

句子的翻译：

首先，从时态角度来讲，本文翻译主要采用一般现在时。其次，从句子角度来讲，大家需要注意句间的衔接。再者英文重简洁，所以大家翻译时要注意代词的指代，以避免重复。

1. 许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。

◆ 该句后者为前者的目的，所以大家翻译时需要体现出这一目的。

2. 他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。

◆ 该句中的“不仅……而且……”大家可以采用固定用法“not only……but also……”。Not only放在句首时，需要采用倒装形式。

3. 由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。通过这些努力，他们期望孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。

◆ 本句话中，要体现“由于改革开放”和之后家长们行为之间的因果关系，所以要用

相关因果词进行凸显，比如 thanks to; due to; because of 等。再者就是“通过这些努力”是对上文的总结，大家需要体现出来。

2019年12月英语四级翻译真题点评试卷二：家庭观念

【翻译原文】

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

【译文赏析】

The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions. The large and harmonious families were once very enviable. The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. But the connection between them remains strong. And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. Young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.

【逐句解析】

译句1　中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。

解析：该句中有明显的固定搭配，与…相关可用related to。

译文1 The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions.

译句2　和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。

解析：该句基本可以采取顺译的方法，和睦的大家庭(The large and harmonious families)，令人美慕(enviable)。翻译时可顺译该句子。

译文2　The large and harmonious families were once very enviable.

译句3　过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。

解析：该句中应用到正反译法，并不少见，那就是说很常见，可直接翻译为very common.

译文3　The four generation family used to be very common, in the past.As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.

译句4　今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。

解析：该句考查了with引导的伴随状语从句。

译文4　Today, the tradition is changing.With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents.

译句5　但他们之间的联系依然很密切。

解析：但他们之间的联系可以处理成后置定语,即But the connection between them.

译文5　But the connection between them remains strong.

译句6　许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。

解析：本句较为简单，可采取顺译。

译文6　And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren.

译句7　年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

解析：抽时间探望父母,可以运用到习惯性表达：get around to visit their parents.

译文7 　Young couples also get around to visit their parents,especially during the holidays, such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.

2019年12月英语四级翻译真题点评试卷三：汉族名字

【翻译题目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

【翻译原文】

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

【参考译文】

The full name of China’s Han ethnic group is made up of family name and given name. One characteristic of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by given name. For thousands of years, the father’s family name has been passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which carries the parents’ hope for the kid. Therefore, it’s easy to infer from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life to lead.Parents attach great importance to naming their kid as names usually go with them for a whole life.

【翻译分析】

1) 全名由….组成：the full name is composed of/ made up of/ consisted of/ formed of

2) …的特点是：the characteristic of the Chinese name is that…

3) 世代相传：from generation to generation

4) …不罕见：it is not uncommon now for a child to…

5) 非常重视…：attach great importance to doing sth

2019年12月英语四级作文真题试卷二：学汉语的地方

Part Ⅰ　Writing 　(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

2019年12月英语四级作文真题试卷三：学汉语的城市

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.